In descending order, by date published.
4/3/2023 (new)
Authors: John Allison, Kenny Burdine, Ray Smith
Organic dairy operations have historically commanded a higher milk price than conventional dairy operations (Organic all milk price 2021 average: $31.55 per hundredweight (USDA AMS, 2021), Conventional all milk price 2021 average: $20.25 per hundredweight (USDA ERS, 2021)). However, the economics of decision-making and management still play a pivotal role in farm profitability.
Departments: Agricultural Economics, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 170 kb
Pages: 4
3/13/2023 (revised)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Josh McGrath, Edwin Ritchey, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Pastures for sheep and goats are fertilized to ensure a reliable supply of energy, protein, and other nutrients for a long season of grazing. Management of plant nutrients maintains a balance of improved grasses and legumes and improves forage species competitiveness with many pasture weeds. The most important part of obtaining fertilizer recommendations is collecting a representative soil sample to send to the lab.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 1.89 mb
Pages: 5
3/13/2023 (revised)
Authors: Holly Boyd, Cindy Finneseth, Tom Keene, Laura Schwer, Ray Smith
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season, perennial bunch-type grass native to the North American Tallgrass Prairie. It has been investigated as a renewable energy crop due to its high productivity across a wide geographic range including various environmental conditions and soil types. Switchgrass has also been used for erosion control, summer grazing in pasture and hay systems for cattle, native prairie restoration, wildlife habitat, fiber production, and as an ornamental grass.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences, Regulatory Services
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 424 kb
Pages: 4
3/2/2023 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Legumes are an essential part of a strong and healthy grassland ecosystems. They form a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria in which the bacteria fix nitrogen from the air into a plant-available form and share it with the legume. Clover also increases forage quality and quantity and helps to manage tall fescue toxicosis. In the past, the positive impact of clover on tall fescue toxicosis has always been thought to simply be a dilution effect, but new research from the USDA's Forage Animal Production Unit in Lexington shows that compounds found in red clover can reverse vasoconstriction that is caused by the ergot alkaloids in toxic tall fescue. The primary compound found in red clover is a vasodilator called "Biochanin A."
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 3.01 mb
Pages: 3
12/19/2022 (new)
Authors: Krista Lea, Ray Smith
Providing quality forage is essential to horse health, and pasture can provide a significant portion of the horse's forage needs. Objective evaluation of a pasture's condition can help determine appropriate pasture management practices. The UK Horse Pasture Health Score Card can be used to evaluate horse pastures and determine what improvements should be made.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 4.95 mb
Pages: 7
12/19/2022 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Cool-season forages such as tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass and festulolium can also be used in pasture systems. Little is known about the effect of variety on the grazing tolerance of these cool-season grass species.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 542 kb
Pages: 12
12/19/2022 (new)
Authors: Bill Bruening, Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Summer annual grasses provide an important forage crop option for producers in Kentucky. These grasses are mainly used as emergency or supplemental pasture, silage, or hay crops, but little information is available on their yield potential. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the University of Kentucky 2008-2021 forage yield trials with sudangrass, sorghum/sudangrass, forage sorghum, millets, teff, crabgrass, and cereal crops.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.33 mb
Pages: 32
12/19/2022 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Forage crops occupy approximately 7 million acres in Kentucky. Forages provide a majority of the nutrition for beef, dairy, horse, goat, sheep, and wildlife in the state. In addition, forage crops play a positive environmental role in soil conservation, water quality, and air quality. There are more than 60 forage species adapted to the climate and soil conditions of Kentucky. Only 10 to 12 of these species occupy the majority of the acreage, but within these species there is a tremendous variation in varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.46 mb
Pages: 28
12/15/2022 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Recent emphasis on its use as a grazing crop and the release of grazing-tolerant varieties have raised the following question: Do varieties differ in tolerance to grazing? To answer this question, we have chosen to use the standard tolerance test recommended by the North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference. This test uses continuous heavy grazing to sort out differences in grazing tolerance in a relatively short period of time.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 457 kb
Pages: 8
12/14/2022 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Cool-season forages such as Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to evaluate varieties of these grasses for persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 364 kb
Pages: 8
12/13/2022 (minor revision)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Brandon Sears, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Baled silage, or "baleage," is an excellent method for forage harvest, storage, and feed efficiency. This publication focuses on common questions about baleage. Together with AGR-173: Baling Forage Crops for Silage, this information will help producers better understand the production and use of baleage as livestock feed.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 8.79 mb
Pages: 8
12/13/2022 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely sown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for forage - after tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. It is a late-maturing bunchgrass that is primarily harvested as hay, particularly for horses. It also can be used for grazing or wildlife habitat.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 393 kb
Pages: 6
12/13/2022 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are high quality, productive, cool-season grasses used in Kentucky. Both have exceptionally high seedling vigor and are highly palatable to livestock. In Kentucky, winter survival can be an issue for many annual ryegrass varieties, so before planting, review winter survival results in this publication.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 714 kb
Pages: 14
12/6/2022 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Orchardgrass (Dactylus glomerata) is a high-quality, productive, cool-season grass that is well-adapted to Kentucky conditions. This grass is used for pasture, hay, green chop, and silage, but it requires better management than tall fescue for greater yields, higher quality, and longer stand life. It produces an open, bunch-type sod, making it compatible with alfalfa or red clover as a pasture and hay crop or as habitat for wildlife.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 385 kb
Pages: 8
12/6/2022 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a productive, well-adapted, persistent, soil-conserving, cool-season grass grown on approximately 5.5 million acres in Kentucky. This grass, used for both hay and pasture, is the forage base of most of Kentucky's livestock enterprises, particularly beef cattle.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 690 kb
Pages: 12
12/5/2022 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived, perennial legume used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Stands of improved varieties generally are productive for 2.5 to 3 years, with the highest yields occurring in the year following establishment. Red clover is used primarily as a renovation legume for grass pastures and hay fields. It is a dominant forage legume in Kentucky because it is relatively easy to establish and has high forage quality, yield, and animal acceptance.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 481 kb
Pages: 6
12/5/2022 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has historically been the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It is an important part of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Choosing a good variety is a key step in establishing a stand of alfalfa. The choice of variety can impact yield, thickness of stand, and persistence. This report provides yield data on alfalfa varieties included in current yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting alfalfa varieties. Tables 13 and 14 (Roundup Ready varieties) show a summary of all alfalfa varieties tested in Kentucky during the past 18 years. The UK Forage Extension website (https://forages.ca.uky.edu) contains electronic versions of all forage variety testing reports from Kentucky and surrounding states as well as a large number of other forage publications.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 218 kb
Pages: 10
10/24/2022 (minor revision)
Authors: Michelle Arnold, Jeff Lehmkuhler, Megan Romano, Ray Smith
Nitrates are natural constituents of all plants. Under normal conditions, plants take up nitrate through their roots and transport it to the leaves for use in photosynthesis. However, photosynthesis decreases under adverse environmental conditions (e.g., drought; leaf damage due to disease, hail, frost, insects, or herbicides; cool and cloudy weather; and other plant stressors). When photosynthesis is reduced, nitrate transportation to the leaves slows also. Potentially toxic nitrate concentrations can remain in the lower stalks and stems.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences, UK Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Veterinary Science
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 804 kb
Pages: 5
12/21/2021 (new)
Authors: Bill Bruening, Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Summer annual grasses provide an important forage crop option for producers in Kentucky. These grasses are mainly used as emergency or supplemental hay and pasture crops, but little information is available on their yield potential. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the University of Kentucky 2008-2021 forage yield trials with sudangrass, sorghum/sudangrass, millets, teff, and cereal crops. Cool season annual grasses (specifically cereal crops) are also used as forages crops for hay, baleage or grazing. The cereal crops used in this report are wheat (Triticum aestivum), rye (Secale cereale), oats (Avena sativa) and triticale (Triticum secale).
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 3.90 mb
Pages: 36
12/21/2021 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Forage crops occupy approximately 7 million acres in Kentucky. Forages provide a majority of the nutrition for beef, dairy, horse, goat, sheep, and wildlife in the state. In addition, forage crops play an environmentally friendly role in soil conservation, water quality, and air quality. There are over 60 forage species adapted to the climate and soil conditions of Kentucky. Only 10 to 12 of these species occupy the majority of the acreage, but within these species there is a tremendous variation in varieties. This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past twenty years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 3.37 mb
Pages: 28
12/7/2021 (new)
Authors: Joao Costa, Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Cool-season forages such as tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass and festulolium can also be used in pasture systems. Little is known about the effect of variety on the grazing tolerance of these cool-season grass species. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and other species when they are subjected to continuous, heavy grazing pressure by cattle within the growing season. Overgrazing is not a recommended practice, but is done in these studies to determine how different varieties perform under conditions that are worse than occur during the life of a typical pasture. Varieties are primarily rated for percent survival but data on seedling vigor and grazing preference are also presented.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.00 mb
Pages: 12
12/7/2021 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Cool-season forages such as Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to evaluate varieties of these grasses for persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, and other species when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure by horses within the growing season. The main focus will be on stand survival but data on seedling vigor and grazing preference are also included
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 680 kb
Pages: 8
12/3/2021 (new)
Authors: Joao Costa, Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of alfalfa varieties when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure during the grazing season. A summary of all alfalfa varieties tested in Kentucky during the last 20 years and information about distributors, fall dormancy ratings, and disease resistance is included at the end of this report.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 200 kb
Pages: 4
12/2/2021 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Selecting a good variety of tall fescue and bromegrass is an important first step in establishing a productive stand of grass. Proper management, beginning with seedbed preparation and continuing throughout the life of the stand, is necessary for even the highest-yielding variety to produce to its genetic potential.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.44 mb
Pages: 14
12/2/2021 (new)
Authors: Joao Costa, Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a low-growing, perennial pasture legume with white flowers. It differs from red clover in that the stems (stolons) grow along the surface of the soil and can form adventitious roots that may lead to the development of new plants.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 400 kb
Pages: 4
11/30/2021 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely sown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for forage--after tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. It is a late-maturing bunchgrass that is primarily harvested as hay, particularly for horses. It also can be used for grazing or wildlife habitat. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is a high-quality, highly palatable, long-lived pasture plant with limited use for hay. It tolerates close, frequent grazing better than most grasses. It has low yields and low summer production and becomes dormant and brown during hot, dry summers. Kentucky bluegrass is slow to establish.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 550 kb
Pages: 6
11/23/2021 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived, perennial legume used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Stands of improved varieties generally are productive for 2-1/2 to 3 years, with the highest yields occurring in the year following establishment. Red clover is used primarily as a renovation legume for grass pastures and hay fields. It is a dominant forage legume in Kentucky because it is relatively easy to establish and has high forage quality, yield, and animal acceptance.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 770 kb
Pages: 6
11/23/2021 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are high quality, productive, cool-season grasses used in Kentucky. Both have exceptionally high seedling vigor and are highly palatable to livestock. In Kentucky, winter survival can be an issue for many annual ryegrass varieties, so before planting, review winter survival results in this publication.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.40 mb
Pages: 14
11/15/2021 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Orchardgrass (Dactylus glomerata) is a high-quality, productive, cool-season grass that is well-adapted to Kentucky conditions. This grass is used for pasture, hay, green chop, and silage, but it requires better management than tall fescue for greater yields, higher quality, and longer stand life. It produces an open, bunch-type sod, making it compatible with alfalfa or red clover as a pasture and hay crop or as habitat for wildlife. This report provides current yield data on orchardgrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting orchardgrass varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 650 kb
Pages: 6
11/10/2021 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has historically been the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It is an important part of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Choosing a good variety is a key step in establishing a stand of alfalfa. The choice of variety can impact yield, thickness of stand, and persistence. This report provides yield data on alfalfa varieties included in current yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting alfalfa varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.16 mb
Pages: 10
4/14/2021 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Wheat is a multipurpose crop that can be used for cover crops, stored forage or grazing. As much as 25% of Kentucky's wheat acreage is not harvested as grain but used for cover crop or forage production. Wheat has excellent winter hardiness and can be sown later in the fall than barley. Wheat is a good choice for planting following corn or soybean harvest to capture residual nitrogen, build soil organic matter and prevent erosion. Wheat provides high quality, early spring growth, but has limited fall growth compared to grazing types of cereal rye.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 1.36 mb
Pages: 3
4/6/2021 (minor revision)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Tom Keene, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Crabgrass possesses significant potential for supplying high quality summer forage although it is considered a weed by many. A primary advantage of crabgrass is that it is well adapted to Kentucky and occurs naturally in most summer pastures, especially those that have been overgrazed. It is also highly palatable and a prolific re-seeder. Planting an improved variety of crabgrass is recommended because the production of naturally-occurring ecotypes varies greatly. Crabgrass is best utilized by grazing.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 428 kb
Pages: 2
4/6/2021 (minor revision)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Bermudagrass can be used successfully as part of a livestock forage program to supplement summer production of cool-season grasses. It is high-yielding, sod-forming, warm-season perennial grass that is most productive on well-drained, fertile soils. Bermudagrass is widely grown in the southern United States for pasture and hay.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 2.05 mb
Pages: 6
4/6/2021 (major revision)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Garry Lacefield, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Annual and perennial lespedezas are grown in Kentucky for pasture, hay, and soil stabilization. Lespedezas are warm season legumes that complement cool-season grasses in both pasture and hay situations. They are more tolerant of less fertile, more acid soils, but have lower yield potential than other forage legumes such as red clover and alfalfa.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 1.85 mb
Pages: 4
4/2/2021 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Krista Lea, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
For many small ruminants, quality pasture can provide almost all nutrients needed for maintenance or light work for much of the year. Pasture reduces the cost of keeping livestock while minimizing impacts on the environment. Below are some guidelines for improving pastures.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 1.14 mb
Pages: 2
3/23/2021 (major revision)
Authors: Les Anderson, Michelle Arnold, Darrh Bullock, Kenny Burdine, Roy Burris, Ben Crites, Jimmy Henning, Steve Higgins, Steve Isaacs, Kevin Laurent, Jeff Lehmkuhler, Lee Moser, Gregg Rentfrow, Kylie Schmidt, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch, Lee Townsend, Katherine VanValin, Paul Vijayakumar
Kentucky is ideally suited for cattle production. The main feed for cattle is a renewable resource Kentucky has in abundance--forages. The majority of the state's terrain favors cattle production over row crops. Kentucky farms cover 14 million acres, with approximately half of that occupied by forage grasses and legumes. Our natural resources and climate permit the growth of most cool-season and warm-season species. Water is readily available in all areas of the state, and we have a relatively long growing season.
Departments: Agricultural Economics, Animal and Food Sciences, Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Entomology, Plant and Soil Sciences, Veterinary Science
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 4.50 mb
Pages: 164
3/5/2021 (major revision)
Authors: Michelle Arnold, Shane Bogle, Bob Coleman, Ray Smith, Kiersten Wise
Blackpatch is an important fungal disease of forage legumes in Kentucky. A metabolite produced by the fungus can result in slaframine toxicosis or "slobbers" in many animals. The fungal disease was first reported in Kentucky in 1933 on red clover. Most Extension literature associates blackpatch and slaframine with red clover, which is very susceptible to the disease. However, many forage legumes including alfalfa can be infected by the causal fungus.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Caldwell County, Plant and Soil Sciences, Plant Pathology, Veterinary Science
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 700 kb
Pages: 3
2/10/2021 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch, Katherine VanValin
Although soybeans are commonly grown as a grain crop, they can be grazed or harvested as either a hay or silage crop. This most commonly occurs when the grain potential of the soybean crop has been reduced by drought, hail damage, or early frost. A realistic forage yield expectation for drought stressed soybeans would be 1.5 to 2.0 tons of dry matter per acre. The objective of this article is to provide practical tips for successfully, grazing, conserving and feeding drought stressed soybeans.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 380 kb
Pages: 3
1/11/2021 (major revision)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Forage may be stored for winter feeding when pasture production is limited, for use in confinement feeding systems, or for cash hay. Dry hay is the most popular storage method since it stores well for long periods and is better suited to cash sale and shipping than high moisture forages. However, silage may be more suitable in situations where hay curing is difficult. It is possible to make high quality silage or haylage using long (unchopped) forage crops baled with large round balers, although balers may need modification to handle wet material.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 957 kb
Pages: 4
12/8/2020 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Forage crops occupy approximately 7 million acres in Kentucky. Forages provide a majority of the nutrition for beef, dairy, horse, goat, sheep, and wildlife in the state. In addition, forage crops play an environmentally friendly role in soil conservation, water quality, and air quality. There are over 60 forage species adapted to the climate and soil conditions of Kentucky. Only 10 to 12 of these species occupy the majority of the acreage, but within these species there is a tremendous variation in varieties. This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past twenty years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 3.20 mb
Pages: 28
12/4/2020 (new)
Authors: Bill Bruening, Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Summer annual grasses provide an important forage crop option for producers in Kentucky. These grasses are mainly used as emergency or supplemental hay and pasture crops, but little information is available on their yield potential. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the University of Kentucky 2013-2019 forage yield trials with sudangrass, sorghum/sudangrass, millets, teff, and cereal crops. Cool season annual grasses (specifically cereal crops) are also used as forages crops for hay, baleage or grazing. The cereal crops used in this report are wheat (Triticum aestivum), rye (Secale cereale), oats (Avena sativa) and triticale (Triticum secale).
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 3.10 mb
Pages: 30
12/1/2020 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a productive, well-adapted, persistent, soil-conserving, cool-season grass grown on approximately 5.5 million acres in Kentucky. This grass, used for both hay and pasture, is the forage base of most of Kentucky's livestock enterprises, particularly beef cattle. Much of the tall fescue in Kentuckys infected with an internal fungus (endophyte) that produces ergot alkaloids and results in decreased weight gains in growing ruminants and lower pregnancy rates in breeding stock, especially in hot weather. Varieties are now available that are free of this fungal endophyte or infected with a nontoxic endophyte. Varieties in the latter group are also referred to as "novel" or "friendly" endophyte varieties, because their endophyte improves stand survival without creating animal production problems.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.37 mb
Pages: 14
12/1/2020 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Cool-season grasses such as tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass, festulolium, and the bromegrasses can be used in pasture systems. Little is known about the effect of variety on the grazing tolerance of these cool-season grass species. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and other species when they are subjected to continuous, heavy grazing pressure by cattle within the grazing season.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.00 mb
Pages: 12
12/1/2020 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to establish the effect of variety on persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, and other species when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure by horses within the grazing season. The main focus will be on stand survival
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 704 kb
Pages: 128
11/24/2020 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Orchardgrass (Dactylus glomerata) is a high-quality, productive, cool-season grass that is well-adapted to Kentucky conditions. This grass is used for pasture, hay, green chop, and silage, but it requires better management than tall fescue for greater yields, higher quality, and longer stand life. It produces an open, bunch-type sod, making it compatible with alfalfa or red clover as a pasture and hay crop or as habitat for wildlife. This report provides current yield data on orchardgrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting orchardgrass varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 699 kb
Pages: 8
11/23/2020 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Recent emphasis on its use as a grazing crop and the release of grazing-tolerant varieties have raised the following question: Do varieties differ in tolerance to grazing? We have chosen to use the standard tolerance test recommended by the North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference. This test uses continuous heavy grazing to sort out differences in grazing tolerance in a relatively short period of time. This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of alfalfa varieties when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure during the grazing season.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 385 kb
Pages: 4
11/23/2020 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a low-growing, perennial pasture legume with white flowers. It differs from red clover in that the stems (stolons) grow along the surface of the soil and can form adventitious roots that may lead to the development of new plants.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 393 kb
Pages: 4
11/20/2020 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely sown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for forage--after tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. It is a late-maturing bunchgrass that is primarily harvested as hay, particularly for horses. It also can be used for grazing or wildlife habitat. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is a high-quality, highly palatable, long-lived pasture plant with limited use for hay. It tolerates close, frequent grazing better than most grasses. It has low yields and low summer production and becomes dormant and brown during hot, dry summers. Kentucky bluegrass is slow to establish.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 550 kb
Pages: 6
11/20/2020 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are high-quality, productive, cool-season grasses used in Kentucky. Both have exceptionally high seedling vigor and are highly palatable to livestock. Perennial ryegrass can be used as a short-lived hay or pasture plant and has growth characteristics similar to tall fescue. Festuloliums are hybrids between various fescues and ryegrasses with higher quality than tall fescue and improved stand survival over perennial ryegrass.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.40 mb
Pages: 14
11/16/2020 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has historically been the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It is an important part of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Choosing a good variety is a key step in establishing a stand of alfalfa. The choice of variety can impact yield, thickness of stand, and persistence. This report provides yield data on alfalfa varieties included in current yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting alfalfa varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.00 mb
Pages: 10
11/16/2020 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides current yield and persistence data on red and white clover varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting clover varieties. Tables 14 and 15 show a summary of all clover varieties tested in Kentucky for the past 15 years. The UK Forage Extension website at forages.ca.uky.edu contains electronic versions of all forage variety testing reports from Kentucky and surrounding states and a large number of other forage publications.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 900 kb
Pages: 8
7/13/2020 (reprinted)
Authors: Greg Halich, Jeff Lehmkuhler, Lee Meyer, Gregg Rentfrow, Ray Smith
Will pasture-finished beef eventually become a commodity with lowered product prices? These and other questions must be evaluated by those considering pasture-based beef finishing. As with any new enterprise, however, the learning curve is steep, and success requires a commitment to working through the many production, marketing, and processing details. This reference guide provides a foundation for this process.
Departments: Agricultural Economics, Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 1.51 mb
Pages: 48
7/8/2020 (major revision)
Authors: Erin Haramoto, Jimmy Henning, Carrie Knott, Chad Lee, Ray Smith
A quick resource on agronomic management of grain, forage, and cover crops.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 506 kb
Pages: 12
7/7/2020 (major revision)
Authors: Erin Haramoto, Jimmy Henning, Carrie Knott, Chad Lee, Ray Smith
A quick resource on agronomic management of grain, forage, and cover crops. NOTE: This poster is 25 x 38 inches. AGR-18 is the booklet-sized version.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 277 kb
Pages: 1
3/2/2020 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely sown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for forage--after tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. It is a late-maturing bunchgrass that is primarily harvested as hay, particularly for horses. It also can be used for grazing or wildlife habitat. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is a high-quality, highly palatable, long-lived pasture plant with limited use for hay. It tolerates close, frequent grazing better than most grasses. It has low yields and low summer production and becomes dormant and brown during hot, dry summers. Kentucky bluegrass is slow to establish.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 521 kb
Pages: 6
12/18/2019 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Forage crops occupy approximately 7 million acres in Kentucky. Forages provide a majority of the nutrition for beef, dairy, horse, goat, sheep, and wildlife in the state. In addition, forage crops play an environmentally friendly role in soil conservation, water quality, and air quality. There are over 60 forage species adapted to the climate and soil conditions of Kentucky. Only 10 to 12 of these species occupy the majority of the acreage, but within these species there is a tremendous variation in varieties. This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past 12 to 15 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.26 mb
Pages: 28
12/12/2019 (new)
Authors: Bill Bruening, Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Summer annual grasses provide an important forage crop option for producers in Kentucky. These grasses are mainly used as emergency or supplemental hay and pasture crops, but little information is available on their yield potential. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the University of Kentucky 2013-2019 forage yield trials with sudangrass, sorghum/sudangrass, millets, teff, and cereal crops. Cool season annual grasses (specifically cereal crops) are also used as forages crops for hay, baleage or grazing. The cereal crops used in this report are wheat (Triticum aestivum), rye (Secale cereale), oats (Avena sativa) and triticale (Triticum secale).
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 3.14 mb
Pages: 28
12/5/2019 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Cool-season grasses such as tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass, festulolium, and the bromegrasses can be used in pasture systems. Little is known about the effect of variety on the grazing tolerance of these cool-season grass species. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and other species when they are subjected to continuous, heavy grazing pressure by cattle within the grazing season.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.12 mb
Pages: 12
12/5/2019 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to establish the effect of variety on persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, and other species when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure by horses within the grazing season. The main focus will be on stand survival
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 702 kb
Pages: 8
12/4/2019 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Recent emphasis on its use as a grazing crop and the release of grazing-tolerant varieties have raised the following question: Do varieties differ in tolerance to grazing? We have chosen to use the standard tolerance test recommended by the North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference. This test uses continuous heavy grazing to sort out differences in grazing tolerance in a relatively short period of time. This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of alfalfa varieties when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure during the grazing season.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 354 kb
Pages: 4
12/4/2019 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a low-growing, perennial pasture legume with white flowers. It differs from red clover in that the stems (stolons) grow along the surface of the soil and can form adventitious roots that may lead to the development of new plants.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 451 kb
Pages: 6
11/27/2019 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Orchardgrass (Dactylus glomerata) is a high-quality, productive, cool-season grass that is well-adapted to Kentucky conditions. This grass is used for pasture, hay, green chop, and silage, but it requires better management than tall fescue for greater yields, higher quality, and longer stand life. It produces an open, bunch-type sod, making it compatible with alfalfa or red clover as a pasture and hay crop or as habitat for wildlife. This report provides current yield data on orchardgrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting orchardgrass varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 767 kb
Pages: 8
11/27/2019 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are high-quality, productive, cool-season grasses used in Kentucky. Both have exceptionally high seedling vigor and are highly palatable to livestock. Perennial ryegrass can be used as a short-lived hay or pasture plant and has growth characteristics similar to tall fescue. Festuloliums are hybrids between various fescues and ryegrasses with higher quality than tall fescue and improved stand survival over perennial ryegrass.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.50 mb
Pages: 16
11/26/2019 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has historically been the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It is an important part of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Choosing a good variety is a key step in establishing a stand of alfalfa. The choice of variety can impact yield, thickness of stand, and persistence. This report provides yield data on alfalfa varieties included in current yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting alfalfa varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.00 mb
Pages: 8
11/26/2019 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides current yield and persistence data on red and white clover varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting clover varieties. Tables 14 and 15 show a summary of all clover varieties tested in Kentucky for the past 15 years. The UK Forage Extension website at forages.ca.uky.edu contains electronic versions of all forage variety testing reports from Kentucky and surrounding states and a large number of other forage publications.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 873 kb
Pages: 8
11/26/2019 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a productive, well-adapted, persistent, soil-conserving, cool-season grass grown on approximately 5.5 million acres in Kentucky. This grass, used for both hay and pasture, is the forage base of most of Kentucky's livestock enterprises, particularly beef cattle. Much of the tall fescue in Kentuckys infected with an internal fungus (endophyte) that produces ergot alkaloids and results in decreased weight gains in growing ruminants and lower pregnancy rates in breeding stock, especially in hot weather. Varieties are now available that are free of this fungal endophyte or infected with a nontoxic endophyte. Varieties in the latter group are also referred to as "novel" or "friendly" endophyte varieties, because their endophyte improves stand survival without creating animal production problems
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.30 mb
Pages: 12
12/5/2018 (new)
Authors: Bill Bruening, Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
The major factor in selecting a variety of summer annual grass is yield, both total and seasonal. Growth after first cutting is strongly dependent on available moisture and nitrogen fertilization. Summer annual grasses generally have different characteristics and uses. The major factors in selecting cool season cereal grass varieties are yield, winter survival and regrowth.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 2.40 mb
Pages: 24
12/5/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Forage crops occupy approximately 7 million acres in Kentucky. Forages provide a majority of the nutrition for beef, dairy, horse, goat, sheep, and wildlife in the state. In addition, forage crops play an environmentally friendly role in soil conservation, water quality, and air quality. There are over 60 forage species adapted to the climate and soil conditions of Kentucky. Only 10 to 12 of these species occupy the majority of the acreage, but within these species there is a tremendous variation in varieties. This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past 12 to 15 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 3.10 mb
Pages: 28
11/30/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to establish the effect of variety on persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, and other species when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure by horses within the grazing season. The main focus will be on stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 859 kb
Pages: 8
11/27/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides current yield data on tall fescue varieties and similar grass species in trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting tall fescue varieties. Tables 13 and 14 show a summary of all tall fescue and bromegrass varieties tested in Kentucky for the past 17 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.28 mb
Pages: 12
11/27/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides maturity and yield data on timothy and Kentucky bluegrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky. Tables 10 and 11 show summaries of all timothy and Kentucky bluegrass varieties tested in Kentucky for the last 15 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 546 kb
Pages: 6
11/27/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides current yield data on annual and perennial ryegrass varieties in trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting varieties. Tables 15, 16, and 17 show summaries of all annual and perennial ryegrass and festulolium varieties tested in Kentucky for the last 17 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.50 mb
Pages: 16
11/27/2018 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of alfalfa varieties when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure during the grazing season. Table 5 shows a summary of all alfalfa varieties tested in Kentucky during the last 18 years.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 350 kb
Pages: 4
11/27/2018 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of clover varieties when subjected to continuous grazing pressure. Table 10 shows a summary of all white clover varieties tested in Kentucky during the last 15 years.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 504 kb
Pages: 6
11/27/2018 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Cool-season grasses such as tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass, festulolium, and the brome grasses can be used in pasture systems. Little is known about the effect of variety on the grazing tolerance of these cool-season grass species. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and other species when they are subjected to continuous, heavy grazing pressure by cattle within the grazing season. The main focus will be on plant stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.45 mb
Pages: 14
11/20/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides current yield data on orchardgrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting orchardgrass varieties. Table 11 shows a summary of all orchardgrass varieties tested in Kentucky for the last 15 years. The UK Forage Extension website, at www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage, contains electronic versions of all forage variety testing reports from Kentucky and surrounding states and from a large number of other forage publications.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 898 kb
Pages: 8
11/19/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides yield data on alfalfa varieties included in current yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting alfalfa varieties. Tables 14 and 15 (Roundup Ready varieties) shows a summary of all alfalfa varieties tested in Kentucky during the past 16 years. The UK Forage Extension website, at www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage, contains electronic versions of all forage variety testing reports from Kentucky and surrounding states as well as a large number of other forage publications.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.50 mb
Pages: 12
11/19/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides current yield and persistence data on red and white clover varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting clover varieties. Tables 12 and 13 show a summary of all clover varieties tested in Kentucky for the past 15 years. The UK Forage Extension website at www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage contains electronic versions of all forage variety testing reports from Kentucky and surrounding states and a large number of other forage publications.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 925 kb
Pages: 8
3/28/2018 (reprinted)
Authors: David Ditsch, Jimmy Henning, Garry Lacefield, Ray Smith
Forage crops occupy approximately 7 million acres in Kentucky. They provide most of the feed for beef, dairy, horse, sheep, and wildlife. In addition, forage crops play a critical role in soil conservation, water quality, and air quality. The purpose of this publication is to provide both agronomic and identification information on several forage grasses and legumes.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 9.10 mb
Pages: 28
3/19/2018 (new)
Authors: Matthew Dixon, Jimmy Henning, Tom Keene, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Wide fluctuations in springtime temperature are common in Kentucky. Late freezing temperatures in the spring can cause damage to alfalfa depending on how far along it is in breaking dormancy. This publication provides information on the effect of low spring temperatures on both established and new alfalfa stands that have begun growth, as well as a method of predicting sensitivity to late frosts or freezes.
Departments: Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 2.40 mb
Pages: 3
3/5/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Tom Keene, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
In Kentucky, cool-season grasses produce ample forage in the spring and fall, but high temperatures and short-term drought stress often limits growth during the summer months. Warm-season annual grasses can fill this gap with relatively high quality forage when properly managed. The purpose of this publication is to provide an overview of the various summer annuals for Kentucky.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 1.32 mb
Pages: 3
2/19/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Tom Keene, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Forage sorghum is the tallest of the summer annuals, reaching 6 to 15 feet in height and is best harvested as silage. Taller varieties produce high forage yield but can lodge, making them difficult to harvest mechanically. Some varieties have been developed that are shorter with increased resistance to lodging. Forage sorghums, like corn, are harvested once per season by direct chopping. While forage sorghum yields are similar to corn, they are lower in energy. The primary advantage of utilizing sorghum for silage production is its greater drought tolerance.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 567 kb
Pages: 2
2/19/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Tom Keene, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
The primary benefits of pearl millet are that it does not contain prussic acid and is not susceptible to the sugarcane aphid. Dwarf varieties are available, which are leafier and better suited for grazing.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 1.18 mb
Pages: 2
2/19/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Tom Keene, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Foxtail millet (German millet) is a fine-stemmed summer annual used mainly for emergency hay or pasture for cattle. It is the lowest yielding of the summer annual grasses since it will not regrow after cutting. It can also be used as a smoother crop when transitioning to other perennial forage crops. Foxtail millet is also commonly used for wildlife plantings to produce food and cover for doves, quail, and other birds.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 960 kb
Pages: 2
2/19/2018 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Tom Keene, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Sorghum-sudangrass hybrids are developed by crossing sorghum with true sudangrass. The result is an annual grass that resembles sudangrass, but has coarser stems, taller growth habit, and higher yields. Like sudangrass, hybrids will regrow after grazing if growth is not limited by environmental factors. The coarse stems are difficult to cure as dry hay, therefore these grasses are best utilized for grazing, chopped silage and baleage.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 785 kb
Pages: 2
12/20/2017 (new)
Authors: Bill Bruening, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
The major factor in selecting a variety of summer annual grass is yield, both total and seasonal. Growth after first cutting is strongly dependent on available moisture and nitrogen fertilization. Summer annual grasses generally have different characteristics and uses. The major factors in selecting cool season cereal grass varieties are yield, winter survival and regrowth.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 2.13 mb
Pages: 20
12/20/2017 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Forage crops occupy approximately 7 million acres in Kentucky. Forages provide a majority of the nutrition for beef, dairy, horse, goat, sheep, and wildlife in the state. In addition, forage crops play an environmentally friendly role in soil conservation, water quality, and air quality. There are over 60 forage species adapted to the climate and soil conditions of Kentucky. Only 10 to 12 of these species occupy the majority of the acreage, but within these species there is a tremendous variation in varieties. This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past 12 to 15 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 2.85 mb
Pages: 24
12/18/2017 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Cool-season grasses such as tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass, festulolium, and the brome grasses can be used in pasture systems. Little is known about the effect of variety on the grazing tolerance of these cool-season grass species. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and other species when they are subjected to continuous, heavy grazing pressure by cattle within the grazing season. The main focus will be on plant stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.30 mb
Pages: 12
12/13/2017 (new)
Authors: Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to establish the effect of variety on persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, and other species when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure by horses within the grazing season. The main focus will be on stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 725 kb
Pages: 8
12/11/2017 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Recent emphasis on its use as a grazing crop and the release of grazing-tolerant varieties have raised the following question: Do varieties differ in tolerance to grazing? We have chosen to use the standard tolerance test recommended by the North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference. This test uses continuous heavy grazing to sort out differences in grazing tolerance in a relatively short period of time. This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of alfalfa varieties when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure during the grazing season.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 413 kb
Pages: 4
12/11/2017 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a low-growing, perennial pasture legume with white flowers. It differs from red clover in that the stems (stolons) grow along the surface of the soil and can form adventitious roots that may lead to the development of new plants. This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of clover varieties when subjected to continuous grazing pressure.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 450 kb
Pages: 4
12/6/2017 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides current yield data on annual and perennial ryegrass varieties in trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting varieties. Tables 14, 15, and 16 show summaries of all annual and perennial ryegrass and festulolium varieties tested in Kentucky for the last 17 years. The UK Forage Extension website at www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage contains electronic versions of all forage variety test-ing reports from Kentucky and surrounding states and a large number of other forage publications.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.35 mb
Pages: 16
12/1/2017 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides current yield data on orchardgrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting orchardgrass varieties. Table 11 shows a summary of all orchardgrass varieties tested in Kentucky for the last 15 years. The UK Forage Extension website, at www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage, contains electronic versions of all forage variety testing reports from Kentucky and surrounding states and from a large number of other forage publications.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 833 kb
Pages: 8
12/1/2017 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides current yield data on tall fescue varieties and similar grass species in trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting tall fescue varieties. Tables 15 and 16 show a summary of all tall fescue and bromegrass varieties tested in Kentucky for the past 17 years. The UK Forage Extension Web site at www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage contains electronic versions of all forage variety testing reports from Kentucky and surrounding states and a large number of other forage publications.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.40 mb
Pages: 12
12/1/2017 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides maturity and yield data on timothy and Kentucky bluegrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky. Tables 10 and 11 show summaries of all timothy and Kentucky bluegrass varieties tested in Kentucky for the last 15 years. The UK Forage Extension website, at www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage, contains forage variety testing reports from Kentucky and surrounding states and a large number of other forage publications.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 542 kb
Pages: 6
11/29/2017 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides yield data on alfalfa varieties included in current yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting alfalfa varieties. Tables 14 and 15 (Roundup Ready varieties) shows a summary of all alfalfa varieties tested in Kentucky during the past 16 years. The UK Forage Extension website, at www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage, contains electronic versions of all forage variety testing reports from Kentucky and surrounding states as well as a large number of other forage publications.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.53 mb
Pages: 12
11/27/2017 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Chris Teutsch
This report provides current yield and persistence data on red and white clover varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting clover varieties. Tables 13 and 14 show a summary of all clover varieties tested in Kentucky for the past 15 years. The UK Forage Extension website at www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage contains electronic versions of all forage variety testing reports from Kentucky and surrounding states and a large number of other forage publications.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 757 kb
Pages: 6
9/21/2017 (new)
Authors: Jacquie Jacob, Tony Pescatore, Ray Smith
There has been an increased interest in pasture-raising poultry for both meat and egg production in the last decade. Raising poultry on pasture was a common occurrence until the latter half of the 20th century. Fresh forage provided an important ration balancing factor during the years before poultry nutritionists fully understood the required essential vitamins and minerals for growth and optimum meat and egg production. With the development of balanced rations, poultry no longer require access to pasture and year-round production of meat and eggs is possible. However, there are still some benefits from the lush forage, invertebrates, and exercise that pasture provides. In addition, we continue to learn more and more about the positive influence that fresh grasses and legumes have on fatty acid profiles and general bird health. As a result, there is an increased interest in pasture-raised poultry for both meat and eggs.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 2.00 mb
Pages: 7
4/10/2017 (minor revision)
Authors: Ray Smith, Tina Tillery, Paul Vincelli
Most of the tall fescue growing in Kentucky is colonized by the tall fescue endophyte, a fungus which causes disorders in livestock that feed on the infected grass. The animal disease syndrome is called fescue toxicosis, which some researchers estimate may cost Kentucky producers over $200 million yearly. This problem can be greatly reduced by identifying the infected fields and replacing them with endophyte-free or novel endophyte tall fescue varieties or by managing them in a way to minimize the impact of the endophyte on herd productivity. One of the simplest ways to reduce toxicity symptoms in cattle is add red and white clover to existing tall fescue stands.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences, Plant Pathology, Regulatory Services
Series: Plant Pathology (PPA series)
Size: 253 kb
Pages: 2
12/13/2016 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has historically been the highestyielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It is an important part of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Choosing a good variety is a key step in establishing a stand of alfalfa. The choice of variety can impact yield, thickness of stand, and persistence. This report provides yield data on alfalfa varieties included in current yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting alfalfa varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.75 mb
Pages: 12
12/13/2016 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived, perennial legume used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Stands of improved varieties generally are productive for 2.5 to 3 years, with the highest yields occurring in the year following establishment. Red clover is used primarily as a renovation legume for grass pastures and hay fields. This report provides current yield data on red and white clover varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting clover varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.02 mb
Pages: 8
12/12/2016 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Forage crops occupy approximately 7 million acres in Kentucky. Forages provide a majority of the nutrition for beef, dairy, horse, goat, sheep, and wildlife in the state. In addition, forage crops play an environmentally friendly role in soil conservation, water quality, and air quality. There are over 60 forage species adapted to the climate and soil conditions of Kentucky. Only 10 to 12 of these species occupy the majority of the acreage, but within these species there is a tremendous variation in varieties. This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past 12 to 15 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 2.61 mb
Pages: 20
12/6/2016 (new)
Authors: Bill Bruening, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
The major factor in selecting a variety of summer annual grass is yield, both total and seasonal. Growth after first cutting is strongly dependent on available moisture and nitrogen fertilization. Summer annual grasses generally have different characteristics and uses. The major factors in selecting cool season cereal grass varieties are yield, winter survival and regrowth.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.62 mb
Pages: 16
12/5/2016 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely sown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for forage--after tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. It is a late-maturing bunchgrass that is primarily harvested as hay, particularly for horses. It also can be used for grazing or wildlife habitat. Management is similar to that for other cool-season grasses. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is a high-quality, highly palatable, long-lived pasture plant with limited use for hay. It tolerates close, frequent grazing better than most grasses. It has low yields and low summer production and becomes dormant and brown during hot, dry summers. Kentucky bluegrass is slow to establish. This report provides maturity and yield data on timothy and Kentucky bluegrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 594 kb
Pages: 6
12/5/2016 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are high-quality, productive, cool-season grasses used in Kentucky. Both have exceptionally high seedling vigor and are highly palatable to livestock. In Kentucky, winter survival can be an issue for many annual ryegrass varieties, so before planting, review winter survival results in this publication. The severe winter of 2013-2014 showed those varieties that are not adapted to Kentucky. Festuloliums are hybrids between various fescues and ryegrasses with higher quality than tall fescue and improved stand survival over perennial ryegrass. Their use in Kentucky is still limited since they do not survive as long as tall fescue but some of the newer varieties are more adapted to Kentucky environmental conditions. This report provides current yield data on annual and perennial ryegrass varieties in trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting varieties, as well as summaries of all annual and perennial ryegrass and festulolium varieties tested in Kentucky for the last 15 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.81 mb
Pages: 16
11/30/2016 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Orchardgrass (Dactylus glomerata) is a high-quality, productive, cool-season grass that is welladapted to Kentucky conditions. This grass is used for pasture, hay, green chop, and silage, but it requires better management than tall fescue for greater yields, higher quality, and longer stand life. It produces an open, bunch-type sod, making it compatible with alfalfa or red clover as a pasture and hay crop or as habitat for wildlife. This report provides current yield data on orchardgrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting orchardgrass varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 754 kb
Pages: 8
11/30/2016 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Tall fescue is a productive, well-adapted, persistent, soil-conserving, cool-season grass grown on approximately 5.5 million acres in Kentucky. This grass, used for both hay and pasture, is the forage base of most of Kentucky's livestock enterprises, particularly beef cattle. All bromegrasses have several advantages over tall fescue, including retaining quality as they mature and better growth during dry weather, but they are generally less well adapted in Kentucky. This report provides current yield data on tall fescue varieties and similar grass species in trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting tall fescue varieties, including summaries of all tall fescue and bromegrass varieties tested in Kentucky for the past 15 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.13 mb
Pages: 10
11/21/2016 (reprinted)
Authors: Roy Burris, Bob Coleman, Jimmy Henning, Garry Lacefield, Jeff Lehmkuhler, Ray Smith
A rotational grazing program can generally be defined as use of several pastures, one of which is grazed while the others are rested before being regrazed. Continuous grazing is the use of one pasture for the entire grazing season.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 887 kb
Pages: 16
11/18/2016 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass, festulolium, and the brome grasses can be used in pasture systems. Little is known about the effect of variety on the grazing tolerance of these cool-season grass species. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and other species when they are subjected to continuous, heavy grazing pressure by cattle within the grazing season. The main focus will be on plant stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.24 mb
Pages: 12
11/18/2016 (new)
Authors: Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to establish the effect of variety on persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, and other species when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure by horses within the grazing season. The main focus will be on stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 842 kb
Pages: 8
11/17/2016 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Recent emphasis on its use as a grazing crop and the release of grazing-tolerant varieties have raised the following question: Do varieties differ in tolerance to grazing? We have chosen to use the standard tolerance test recommended by the North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference. This test uses continuous heavy grazing to sort out differences in grazing tolerance in a relatively short period of time. This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of alfalfa varieties when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure during the grazing season.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 397 kb
Pages: 4
11/17/2016 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a low-growing, perennial pasture legume with white flowers. It differs from red clover in that the stems (stolons) grow along the surface of the soil and can form adventitious roots that may lead to the development of new plants. This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of clover varieties when subjected to continuous grazing pressure.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 440 kb
Pages: 4
8/10/2016 (new)
Authors: Krista Lea, Ray Smith
While many factors influence how many animals a farm can carry, soil type has a major influence and should be considered when purchasing, leasing, planning, or managing livestock on pastures.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 4.21 mb
Pages: 16
7/26/2016 (new)
Authors: Tom Keene, Krista Lea, Laura Schwer, Ray Smith
Switchgrass is a versatile grass that can be utilized for forage or biomass production. Establishing and maintaining switchgrass is also beneficial to many types of wildlife by providing suitable habitat and cover.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 385 kb
Pages: 4
12/15/2015 (new)
Authors: Bill Bruening, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
The major factor in selecting a variety of summer annual grass is yield, both total and seasonal. Growth after first cutting is strongly dependent on available moisture and nitrogen fertilization. Summer annual grasses generally have different characteristics and uses. The major factors in selecting cool season cereal grass varieties are yield, winter survival and regrowth.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.50 mb
Pages: 16
12/15/2015 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Forage crops occupy approximately 7 million acres in Kentucky. Forages provide a majority of the nutrition for beef, dairy, horse, goat, sheep, and wildlife in the state. In addition, forage crops play an environmentally friendly role in soil conservation, water quality, and air quality. There are over 60 forage species adapted to the climate and soil conditions of Kentucky. Only 10 to 12 of these species occupy the majority of the acreage, but within these species there is a tremendous variation in varieties. This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past 12 to 15 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 2.50 mb
Pages: 20
12/14/2015 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Recent emphasis on its use as a grazing crop and the release of grazing-tolerant varieties have raised the following question: Do varieties differ in tolerance to grazing? We have chosen to use the standard tolerance test recommended by the North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference. This test uses continuous heavy grazing to sort out differences in grazing tolerance in a relatively short period of time. This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of alfalfa varieties when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure during the grazing season.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 525 kb
Pages: 6
12/14/2015 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a low-growing, perennial pasture legume with white flowers. It differs from red clover in that the stems (stolons) grow along the surface of the soil and can form adventitious roots that may lead to the development of new plants. This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of clover varieties when subjected to continuous grazing pressure.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 530 kb
Pages: 6
12/14/2015 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass, festulolium, and the brome grasses can be used in pasture systems. Little is known about the effect of variety on the grazing tolerance of these cool-season grass species. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and other species when they are subjected to continuous, heavy grazing pressure by cattle within the grazing season. The main focus will be on plant stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.20 mb
Pages: 12
12/10/2015 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely sown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for forage--after tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. It is a late-maturing bunchgrass that is primarily harvested as hay, particularly for horses. It also can be used for grazing or wildlife habitat. Management is similar to that for other cool-season grasses. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is a high-quality, highly palatable, long-lived pasture plant with limited use for hay. It tolerates close, frequent grazing better than most grasses. It has low yields and low summer production and becomes dormant and brown during hot, dry summers. Kentucky bluegrass is slow to establish. This report provides maturity and yield data on timothy and Kentucky bluegrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 700 kb
Pages: 8
12/10/2015 (new)
Authors: Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to establish the effect of variety on persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, and other species when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure by horses within the grazing season. The main focus will be on stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 875 kb
Pages: 8
12/8/2015 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Tall fescue is a productive, well-adapted, persistent, soil-conserving, cool-season grass grown on approximately 5.5 million acres in Kentucky. This grass, used for both hay and pasture, is the forage base of most of Kentucky's livestock enterprises, particularly beef cattle. All bromegrasses have several advantages over tall fescue, including retaining quality as they mature and better growth during dry weather, but they are generally less well adapted in Kentucky. This report provides current yield data on tall fescue varieties and similar grass species in trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting tall fescue varieties, including summaries of all tall fescue and bromegrass varieties tested in Kentucky for the past 15 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.24 mb
Pages: 10
12/8/2015 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are high-quality, productive, cool-season grasses used in Kentucky. Both have exceptionally high seedling vigor and are highly palatable to livestock. In Kentucky, winter survival can be an issue for many annual ryegrass varieties, so before planting, review winter survival results in this publication. The severe winter of 2013-2014 showed those varieties that are not adapted to Kentucky. Festuloliums are hybrids between various fescues and ryegrasses with higher quality than tall fescue and improved stand survival over perennial ryegrass. Their use in Kentucky is still limited since they do not survive as long as tall fescue but some of the newer varieties are more adapted to Kentucky environmental conditions. This report provides current yield data on annual and perennial ryegrass varieties in trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting varieties, as well as summaries of all annual and perennial ryegrass and festulolium varieties tested in Kentucky for the last 15 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.88 mb
Pages: 16
11/23/2015 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has historically been the highestyielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It is an important part of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Choosing a good variety is a key step in establishing a stand of alfalfa. The choice of variety can impact yield, thickness of stand, and persistence. This report provides yield data on alfalfa varieties included in current yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting alfalfa varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.50 mb
Pages: 10
11/23/2015 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived, perennial legume used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Stands of improved varieties generally are productive for 2.5 to 3 years, with the highest yields occurring in the year following establishment. Red clover is used primarily as a renovation legume for grass pastures and hay fields. This report provides current yield data on red and white clover varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting clover varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 875 kb
Pages: 6
11/23/2015 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Orchardgrass (Dactylus glomerata) is a high-quality, productive, cool-season grass that is welladapted to Kentucky conditions. This grass is used for pasture, hay, green chop, and silage, but it requires better management than tall fescue for greater yields, higher quality, and longer stand life. It produces an open, bunch-type sod, making it compatible with alfalfa or red clover as a pasture and hay crop or as habitat for wildlife. This report provides current yield data on orchardgrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting orchardgrass varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 850 kb
Pages: 8
12/10/2014 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Summer annual grasses provide an important forage crop option for producers in Kentucky. These grasses are mainly used as emergency or supplemental hay and pasture crops, but little information is available on their yield potential. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the University of Kentucky 2011-2014 forage yield trials with sudangrass, sorghum/sudangrass, millets, and teff.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.15 mb
Pages: 12
12/10/2014 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Forage crops occupy approximately 7 million acres in Kentucky. Forages provide a majority of the nutrition for beef, dairy, horse, goat, sheep, and wildlife in the state. In addition, forage crops play an environmentally friendly role in soil conservation, water quality, and air quality. There are over 60 forage species adapted to the climate and soil conditions of Kentucky. Only 10 to 12 of these species occupy the majority of the acreage, but within these species there is a tremendous variation in varieties. This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past 10 to 12 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 2.40 mb
Pages: 20
12/4/2014 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as tall fescue and orchardgrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass, festulolium, and prairie brome can be used in pasture systems. Little is known about the effect of variety on the grazing tolerance of these cool-season grass species. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and other species when they are subjected to continuous, heavy grazing pressure by cattle within the grazing season. The main focus will be on plant stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.20 mb
Pages: 12
12/4/2014 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to establish the effect of variety on persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, and other species when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure by horses within the grazing season. The main focus will be on stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 810 kb
Pages: 8
12/2/2014 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of alfalfa varieties when subjected to continuous grazing pressure.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 550 kb
Pages: 4
12/2/2014 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of red and white clover varieties when subjected to continuous grazing pressure.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 660 kb
Pages: 6
12/1/2014 (new)
Authors: Ray Smith, Paul Vincelli
Alfalfa can be a vigorous and productive forage crop for Kentucky farmers. Like all farm crops, however, alfalfa is subject to infectious diseases that can limit forage production. Managing these diseases is an important part of economical alfalfa production.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences, Plant Pathology
Series: Forage Disease: Plant Pathology Factsheet (PPFS-AG-F series)
Size: 756 kb
Pages: 4
11/25/2014 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has historically been the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It is an important part of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Choosing a good variety is a key step in establishing a stand of alfalfa. The choice of variety can impact yield, thickness of stand, and persistence. This report provides yield data on alfalfa varieties included in current yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting alfalfa varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.78 mb
Pages: 12
11/24/2014 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
This report provides current yield data on red and white clover varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting clover varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.00 mb
Pages: 8
11/24/2014 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
This report provides current yield data on orchardgrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting orchardgrass varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 855 kb
Pages: 8
11/24/2014 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
This report provides current yield data on tall fescue varieties and similar grass species in trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting tall fescue varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.11 mb
Pages: 10
11/24/2014 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
This report provides maturity and yield data on timothy and Kentucky bluegrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 676 kb
Pages: 6
11/24/2014 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
This report provides current yield data on annual and perennial ryegrass varieties in trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.90 mb
Pages: 13
8/15/2014 (new)
Authors: Edwin Ritchey, Ray Smith
The most successful land use decisions are those where the intended use matches the capabilities of the land. Determining the capability of the land begins with a visual assessment of the landscape such as topography (percent slope) and surface drainage patterns followed by a closer examination of the soil physical and chemical characteristics. The purpose of this publication is to provide a basic understanding of the relationship between these landscape and soil properties to facilitate wise land use decisions.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 630 kb
Pages: 3
7/3/2014 (new)
Authors: Michelle Arnold, Cynthia Gaskill, Ray Smith
"Fescue toxicosis" is the general term used for the clinical diseases that can affect cattle consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue. Tall-fescue pastures containing ergot alkaloids are responsible for the toxic effects observed in livestock, including hyperthermia (elevated body temperature), gangrene of the extremities, decreased weight gain, and poor reproductive performance. Clinical signs vary depending on the cattle, the environmental conditions, and the level and duration of the exposure. Early clinical signs are often reversible after removal from contaminated pastures or hay.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences, UK Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Veterinary Science
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 740 kb
Pages: 4
4/21/2014 (new)
Authors: Michelle Arnold, Cynthia Gaskill, Garry Lacefield, Ray Smith
Cyanide poisoning of livestock is commonly associated with johnsongrass, sorghum-sudangrass, and other forage sorghums. Choke-cherry or wild cherry, elderberry, and arrow grass are less frequent causes. Young plants, new shoots, and regrowth of plants after cutting often contain the highest levels of cyanogenic glycosides. The risk from potentially dangerous forages may be reduced by following the management practices in this publication.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences, UK Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Veterinary Science
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 255 kb
Pages: 2
12/4/2013 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as tall fescue and orchardgrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass, festulolium, and prairie brome can be used in pasture systems. Little is known about the effect of variety on the grazing tolerance of these cool-season grass species. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and other species when they are subjected to continuous, heavy grazing pressure by cattle within the grazing season. The main focus will be on plant stand survival.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.15 mb
Pages: 10
12/4/2013 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to establish the effect of variety on persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, and other species when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure by horses within the grazing season. The main focus will be on stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 940 kb
Pages: 8
12/4/2013 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Forage crops occupy approximately 7 million acres in Kentucky. Forages provide a majority of the nutrition for beef, dairy, horse, goat, sheep, and wildlife in the state. In addition, forage crops play an environmentally friendly role in soil conservation, water quality, and air quality. There are over 60 forage species adapted to the climate and soil conditions of Kentucky. Only 10 to 12 of these species occupy the majority of the acreage, but within these species there is a tremendous variation in varieties. This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past 10 to 12 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 2.36 mb
Pages: 20
11/25/2013 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of red and white clover varieties when subjected to continuous grazing pressure.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 700 kb
Pages: 6
11/25/2013 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Summer annual grasses provide an important forage crop option for producers in Kentucky. These grasses are mainly used as emergency or supplemental hay and pasture crops, but little information is available on their yield potential. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the University of Kentucky 2009-2013 forage yield trials with sudangrass, sorghum/sudangrass, millets, and teff.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.25 mb
Pages: 12
11/22/2013 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
This report summarizes research on the grazing tolerance of alfalfa varieties when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure during the grazing season.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 680 kb
Pages: 4
11/19/2013 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
This report provides maturity and yield data on timothy and Kentucky bluegrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 700 kb
Pages: 6
11/19/2013 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
This report provides current yield data on annual and perennial ryegrass varieties in trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.75 mb
Pages: 16
11/18/2013 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
This report provides current yield data on red and white clover varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting clover varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 960 kb
Pages: 8
11/18/2013 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
This report provides current yield data on orchardgrass varieties included in yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting orchardgrass varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.00 mb
Pages: 8
11/18/2013 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
This report provides current yield data on tall fescue varieties and similar grass species in trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting tall fescue varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.60 mb
Pages: 12
11/15/2013 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has historically been the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It is an important part of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Choosing a good variety is a key step in establishing a stand of alfalfa. The choice of variety can impact yield, thickness of stand, and persistence. This report provides yield data on alfalfa varieties included in current yield trials in Kentucky as well as guidelines for selecting alfalfa varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.95 mb
Pages: 12
7/1/2013 (new)
Authors: Leah Saylor, Ray Smith, Paul Vincelli
As of right now, there is little published on how to assess foliar disease severity in forage grasses in order to determine the percentage which may be diseased. This publication provides a tool for visually determining the percentage of diseased foliar tissue in orchardgrass. It is based on the observation of individual leaves; however, it is hoped that eventually a rating system will be devised that provides disease percentages for entire plots.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences, Plant Pathology
Series: Forage Disease: Plant Pathology Factsheet (PPFS-AG-F series)
Size: 566 kb
Pages: 3
12/14/2012 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as tall fescue and orchardgrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass, festulolium, and prairie brome can be used in pasture systems. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and other species when they are subjected to continuous, heavy grazing pressure by cattle within the grazing season. The main focus will be on plant stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 475 kb
Pages: 12
12/14/2012 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to establish the effect of variety on persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses. The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, and other species when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure by horses within the grazing season.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 900 kb
Pages: 8
12/14/2012 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Forage crops occupy approximately 7 million acres in Kentucky. Forages provide a majority of the nutrition for beef, dairy, horse, goat, sheep, and wildlife in the state. In addition, forage crops play an environmentally friendly role in soil conservation, water quality, and air quality. There are over 60 forage species adapted to the climate and soil conditions of Kentucky. Only 10 to 12 of these species occupy the majority of the acreage, but within these species there is a tremendous variation in varieties. This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past 10 to 12 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 2.40 mb
Pages: 24
12/5/2012 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Recent emphasis on its use as a grazing crop and the release of grazing-tolerant varieties have raised the following question: Do varieties differ in tolerance to grazing? We have chosen to use the standard tolerance test recommended by the North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference. This test uses continuous heavy grazing to sort out differences in grazing tolerance in a relatively short period of time.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 670 kb
Pages: 8
12/5/2012 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Stands of improved varieties are generally productive for two and a half to three years, with the highest yields occurring in the year following establishment. Red clover is used primarily as a renovation legume for grass pastures. It is a dominant forage legume in Kentucky because it is relatively easy to establish and has high forage quality, high yield, and animal acceptance.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 650 kb
Pages: 6
12/5/2012 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Summer annual grasses provide an important forage crop option for producers in Kentucky. These grasses are mainly used as emergency or supplemental hay and pasture crops, but little information is available on their yield potential. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the University of Kentucky 2007-2012 forage yield trials with sudangrass, sorghum/sudangrass, millets, and teff.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.25 mb
Pages: 12
12/3/2012 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely sown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for forage---after tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. It is a late-maturing bunchgrass that is primarily harvested as hay, particularly for horses. It also can be used for grazing or wildlife habitat.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 460 kb
Pages: 6
11/28/2012 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a productive, well-adapted, persistent, soil-conserving, cool-season grass grown on approximately 5.5 million acres in Kentucky. This grass, used for both hay and pasture, is the forage base of most of Kentucky's livestock enterprises, particularly beef cattle.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.40 mb
Pages: 10
11/28/2012 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are high-quality, productive cool-season grasses used in Kentucky. Both have exceptionally high seedling vigor and are highly palatable to livestock.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.60 mb
Pages: 14
11/26/2012 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has historically been the highest-yielding, highest-quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Choosing a good variety is a key step in establishing a stand of alfalfa. The choice of variety can impact yield, thickness of stand, and persistence.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 2.00 mb
Pages: 12
11/26/2012 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived, perennial legume used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Stands of improved varieties generally are productive for 2.5 to 3 years, with the highest yields occurring in the year following establishment. Red clover is used primarily as a renovation legume for grass pastures. It is a dominant forage legume in Kentucky because it is relatively easy to establish and has high forage quality, yield, and animal acceptance.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 1.26 mb
Pages: 10
11/26/2012 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Orchardgrass (Dactylus glomerata) is a high-quality, productive, cool-season grass that is well-adapted to Kentucky conditions. This grass is used for pasture, hay, green chop, and silage, but it requires better management than tall fescue for greater yields, higher quality, and longer stand life. It produces an open, bunch-type sod, making it compatible with alfalfa or red clover as a pasture and hay crop or as habitat for wildlife.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 890 kb
Pages: 8
2/23/2012 (new)
Authors: Steve Higgins, Ray Smith, Sarah Wightman
An enhanced vegetative strip is a best management practice that can be installed to protect surface waters from pollution produced by animal production facilities. Most people think of a vegetative strip as a grassed area or waterway, but when intentionally installed and properly managed, an EVS can be much more effective than a simple grassed filter strip. If properly managed, enhanced vegetative strips can be used to trap, treat, and absorb pollutants, which can be removed from the designated area by harvesting or grazing.
Departments: Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 380 kb
Pages: 4
12/23/2011 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a productive, well-adapted, persistent, soil-conserving, cool-season grass that is grown on approximately 5.5 million acres in Kentucky. This grass, used for both hay and pasture, is the forage base of most of Kentucky's livestock enterprises, particularly beef cattle.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 355 kb
Pages: 12
12/23/2011 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely sown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for forage after tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. It is a late-maturing bunchgrass that is primarily harvested as hay, particularly for horses. It can be used for grazing or wildlife habitat.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 316 kb
Pages: 8
12/23/2011 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are high-quality, productive cool-season grasses used in Kentucky. Both have exceptionally high seedling vigor and are highly palatable to livestock.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 370 kb
Pages: 12
12/23/2011 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the highest yielding, highest quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 402 kb
Pages: 4
12/23/2011 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived, perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 322 kb
Pages: 4
12/23/2011 (new)
Authors: Joey Clark, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as tall fescue and orchardgrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass, festulolium, and prairie brome can be used in pasture systems. Little is known about the effect of variety on the grazing tolerance of these cool-season grass species.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 387 kb
Pages: 10
12/23/2011 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to establish the effect of variety on persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 410 kb
Pages: 6
12/23/2011 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Summer annual grasses provide an important forage crop option for producers in Kentucky. These grasses are mainly used as emergency or supplemental hay and pasture crops, but little information is available on their yield potential. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the University of Kentucky 2007-2011 forage yield trials with sudangrass, sorghum/sudangrass, millets, and teff.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 376 kb
Pages: 9
12/23/2011 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past 10 to 12 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 472 kb
Pages: 16
12/19/2011 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has historically been the highest yielding, highest quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Choosing a good variety is a key step in establishing a stand of alfalfa. The choice of variety can impact yield, thickness of stand, and persistence.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 322 kb
Pages: 12
12/19/2011 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived, perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Stands of improved varieties are generally productive for two-and-a-half to three years, with the highest yields occurring in the year following establishment. Red clover is used primarily as a renovation legume for grass pastures. It is a dominant forage legume in Kentucky because it is relatively easy to establish and has high forage quality, high yield, and animal acceptance.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 313 kb
Pages: 8
12/19/2011 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Orchardgrass (Dactylus glomerata) is a high-quality, productive, cool-season grass that is well adapted to Kentucky conditions. This grass is used for pasture, hay, green chop, and silage, but it requires better management than tall fescue for greater yields, higher quality, and longer stand life. It produces an open, bunchtype sod, making it very compatible with alfalfa or red clover as a pasture and hay crop or as habitat for wildlife.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 310 kb
Pages: 8
10/5/2011 (new)
Authors: Kenny Burdine, Greg Halich, John Johns, Lloyd Murdock, Ray Smith
The concept of stockpiling is pretty straightforward, but the challenge each year is to determine the likelihood that this practice will be profitable given the economic and agronomic conditions present at mid-summer. This practice can yield significant benefits, but it also carries significant costs. These benefits and costs must be quantified and compared to assess the overall profitability of the practice.
Departments: Agricultural Economics, Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 290 kb
Pages: 4
3/14/2011 (new)
Authors: Laura Schwer, Kenton Sena, Ray Smith
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season, perennial bunch-type grass native to the North American Tallgrass Prairie that has been investigated as a bioenergy crop due to its adaptation to a wide range of environmental conditions and soil types as well as its high stable yields. Switchgrass is recommended for soil conservation and wildlife habitat in both monoculture and in mixed stands of native warm-season grasses and forbs as well as for summer grazing in pasture systems and as a hay crop for cattle.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 250 kb
Pages: 8
1/5/2011 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past 10 to 12 years.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 425 kb
Pages: 16
1/3/2011 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
Cool-season grasses such as tall fescue and orchardgrass are the primary pasture grasses in Kentucky. Other species such as perennial ryegrass, festulolium, and prairie brome can be used in pasture systems. Little is known about the effect of variety on the grazing tolerance of these cool-season grass species.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 320 kb
Pages: 12
1/3/2011 (new)
Authors: Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Cool-season grasses such as bluegrass, tall fescue, and orchardgrass are dominant pasture grasses for horses in Kentucky. Variety evaluations for yield have been carried out for many years, but little work has been done to establish the effect of variety on persistence when subjected to close, continuous grazing by horses.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 365 kb
Pages: 6
1/3/2011 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Summer annual grasses provide an important forage crop option for producers in Kentucky. These grasses are mainly used as emergency or supplemental hay and pasture crops, but little information is available on their yield potential. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the University of Kentucky 2007-2010 forage yield trials with sudangrass, sorghum/sudangrass, millets, and teff.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 300 kb
Pages: 8
12/15/2010 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely sown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for forage after tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. It is a late-maturing bunchgrass that is primarily harvested as hay, particularly for horses. It can be used for grazing or wildlife habitat.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 290 kb
Pages: 8
12/15/2010 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the highest yielding, highest quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Recent emphasis on its use as a grazing crop and the release of grazing-tolerant varieties have raised the following question: Do varieties differ in tolerance to grazing? We have chosen to use the standard tolerance test recommended by the North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference. This test uses continuous heavy grazing to sort out differences in grazing tolerance in a relatively short period of time.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 260 kb
Pages: 4
12/15/2010 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived, perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Stands of improved varieties are generally productive for two and a half to three years, with the highest yields occurring in the year following establishment. Red clover is used primarily as a renovation legume for grass pastures. It is a dominant forage legume in Kentucky because it is relatively easy to establish and has high forage quality, high yield and animal acceptance.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 260 kb
Pages: 4
12/6/2010 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has historically been the highest yielding, highest quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Choosing a good variety is a key step in establishing a stand of alfalfa. The choice of variety can impact yield, thickness of stand, and persistence.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 300 kb
Pages: 12
12/6/2010 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived, perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Stands of improved varieties are generally productive for two-and-a-half to three years, with the highest yields occurring in the year following establishment. Red clover is used primarily as a renovation legume for grass pastures. It is a dominant forage legume in Kentucky because it is relatively easy to establish and has high forage quality, high yield, and animal acceptance.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 260 kb
Pages: 8
12/6/2010 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Orchardgrass (Dactylus glomerata) is a high-quality, productive, cool-season grass that is well adapted to Kentucky conditions. This grass is used for pasture, hay, green chop, and silage, but it requires better management than tall fescue for greater yields, higher quality, and longer stand life. It produces an open, bunchtype sod, making it very compatible with alfalfa or red clover as a pasture and hay crop or as habitat for wildlife.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 260 kb
Pages: 8
12/6/2010 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a productive, well-adapted, persistent, soil-conserving, cool-season grass that is grown on approximately 5.5 million acres in Kentucky. This grass, used for both hay and pasture, is the forage base of most of Kentucky's livestock enterprises, particularly beef cattle.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 300 kb
Pages: 12
12/6/2010 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Annual ryegrasses are increasing in use across Kentucky as more winter-hardy varieties are released and promoted. Annual ryegrass is productive for three to four months and is used primarily for late fall and early-to-late spring pasture.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 300 kb
Pages: 12
9/20/2010 (major revision)
Authors: Bob Coleman, Garry Lacefield, Laurie Lawrence, Laura Schwer, Ray Smith, Bill Witt
Kentucky and surrounding states are known for grass pastures and horses. Pastures supply nutrients, provide hoof support for exercise, control erosion, and add to the aesthetic value of horse farms. The ability to establish and manage horse pastures is therefore important to horse owners.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Interdepartmental (ID series)
Size: 207 kb
Pages: 4
5/18/2010 (minor revision)
Authors: Adam Probst, Ray Smith
Good management of livestock feeding enterprises requires an understanding of feed inventories and their use. This publication is intended to help producers meet animal forage needs in a rotational grazing system by mastering the use of a grazing stick to estimate pasture yield and pasture allocation.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 350 kb
Pages: 4
12/22/2009 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
This publication was developed to provide a user-friendly guide to choosing the best variety for producers based on a summary of forage yield and grazing tolerance trials conducted in Kentucky over the past 10 to 12 years. Detailed variety reports and forage management publications are available from your local county agent or by visiting the University of Kentucky forage website at www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage and clicking on the Forage Variety Trial link.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 359 kb
Pages: 16
12/21/2009 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and other species when they are subjected to continuous, heavy grazing pressure by cattle within the grazing season. The main focus will be on plant stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 294 kb
Pages: 12
12/21/2009 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
The purpose of this report is to summarize current research on the grazing tolerance of varieties of tall fescue, orchardgrass, and other species when subjected to continuous heavy grazing pressure by horses within the grazing season. The main focus will be on stand survival.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 313 kb
Pages: 6
12/15/2009 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
This report provides current yield data on tall fescue varieties and similar grass species in trials in Kentucky, as well as guidelines for selecting tall fescue varieties.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 283 kb
Pages: 10
12/15/2009 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Kentucky's pasture and hay acres are largely seeded in cool-season species. This practice results in a natural decline in midsummer production and often limits livestock production. High-yielding, native warm-season perennial grasses are viable options for Kentucky livestock enterprises and the emerging biomass market and provide an additional benefit of wildlife habitat.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 227 kb
Pages: 4
12/15/2009 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Summer annual grasses provide an important forage crop option for producers in Kentucky. These grasses are mainly used as emergency or supplemental hay and pasture crops, but little information is available on their yield potential. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the University of Kentucky 2007-2009 forage yield trials with sudangrass, sorghum/sudangrass, millets, and teff.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 230 kb
Pages: 6
12/10/2009 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Orchardgrass (Dactylus glomerata) is a high-quality, productive, cool-season grass that is well adapted to Kentucky conditions. This grass is used for pasture, hay, green chop, and silage, but it requires better management than tall fescue for greater yields, higher quality, and longer stand life.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 244 kb
Pages: 8
12/10/2009 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are high-quality, productive cool-season grasses used in Kentucky. Both have exceptionally high seedling vigor and are highly palatable to livestock.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 269 kb
Pages: 8
11/24/2009 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has historically been the highest yielding, highest quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets. Choosing a good variety is a key step in establishing a stand of alfalfa. The choice of variety can impact yield, thickness of stand, and persistence.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 309 kb
Pages: 12
11/24/2009 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Norm Taylor
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality, short-lived, perennial legume that is used in mixed or pure stands for pasture, hay, silage, green chop, soil improvement, and wildlife habitat. This species is adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Stands of improved varieties are generally productive for two to three years, with the highest yields occurring in the year following establishment. Red clover is used primarily as a renovation legume for grass pastures. It is a dominant forage legume in Kentucky because it is relatively easy to establish and has high forage quality, high yield, and animal acceptance.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 271 kb
Pages: 12
11/24/2009 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely sown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for forage after tall fescue, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. It is a late-maturing bunchgrass that is primarily harvested as hay, particularly for horses. It can be used for grazing or wildlife habitat.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 230 kb
Pages: 8
11/24/2009 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the highest yielding, highest quality forage legume grown in Kentucky. It forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef, and sheep diets.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 216 kb
Pages: 4
11/24/2009 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Norm Taylor, Eric Vanzant
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens) are both high-quality forage legumes that are used primarily in mixed stands with tall fescue or orchardgrass for improving yield and quality of pastures.
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 214 kb
Pages: 4
4/22/2009 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Summer annual grasses provide an important forage crop option for producers in Kentucky. These grasses are mainly used as emergency or supplemental hay and pasture crops, but little information is available on their yield potential. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the University of Kentucky 2008 forage yield trials with sudangrass, sorghum/sudangrass, millets, and teff.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 129 kb
Pages: 4
4/8/2009 (minor revision)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 1.17 mb
Pages: 4
3/10/2009 (minor revision)
Authors: Tom Keene, Garry Lacefield, Ray Smith
Native warm-season perennial grasses are well adapted for production in Kentucky's climate and soils. In this publication, native warm-season perennial grasses that have the greatest forage potential for Kentucky are described. Management techniques necessary to establish stands and keep them productive are also discussed.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 1.64 mb
Pages: 4
3/1/2009 (minor revision)
Authors: Ray Smith, Paul Vincelli
Alfalfa seedlings are subject to a number of biotic and abiotic problems which can affect establishment. Several of the more common seedling diseases and disorders are described below. This information is being provided as a diagnostic aid; publications which provide specific management and production information can be found in the resource list.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences, Plant Pathology
Series: Forage Disease: Plant Pathology Factsheet (PPFS-AG-F series)
Size: 115 kb
Pages: 2
2/1/2009 (minor revision)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Ray Smith, Paul Vincelli
Frequently, stunted and yellowed legumes are thought by growers to be diseased. Close examination often reveals that such "diseased" plants are actually just poorly nodulated.
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences, Plant Pathology
Series: Forage Disease: Plant Pathology Factsheet (PPFS-AG-F series)
Size: 187 kb
Pages: 3
12/3/2008 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 250 kb
Pages: 10
12/3/2008 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Norm Taylor
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 230 kb
Pages: 10
12/3/2008 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 200 kb
Pages: 6
12/3/2008 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 216 kb
Pages: 6
12/3/2008 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 235 kb
Pages: 8
12/3/2008 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 226 kb
Pages: 8
12/3/2008 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 197 kb
Pages: 4
12/3/2008 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Norm Taylor, Eric Vanzant
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 200 kb
Pages: 6
12/3/2008 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 246 kb
Pages: 12
12/3/2008 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 320 kb
Pages: 6
12/3/2008 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 197 kb
Pages: 4
12/3/2008 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 285 kb
Pages: 16
12/15/2007 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Norm Taylor
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 148 kb
Pages: 7
12/15/2007 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 143 kb
Pages: 4
12/15/2007 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Norm Taylor
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 191 kb
Pages: 10
12/15/2007 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 165 kb
Pages: 8
12/12/2007 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 162 kb
Pages: 4
12/12/2007 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 177 kb
Pages: 8
12/12/2007 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 133 kb
Pages: 4
11/16/2007 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 205 kb
Pages: 10
11/15/2007 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 211 kb
Pages: 12
11/15/2007 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 213 kb
Pages: 8
11/15/2007 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 265 kb
Pages: 16
11/15/2007 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Robert Spitaleri
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 138 kb
Pages: 4
2/9/2007 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 253 kb
Pages: 16
1/26/2007 (reprinted)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 242 kb
Pages: 12
12/15/2006 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 182 kb
Pages: 8
12/15/2006 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 147 kb
Pages: 6
12/15/2006 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 158 kb
Pages: 6
12/15/2006 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Norm Taylor, Eric Vanzant
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 136 kb
Pages: 4
12/15/2006 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 136 kb
Pages: 4
12/15/2006 (new)
Authors: Bob Coleman, Garry Lacefield, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 189 kb
Pages: 6
12/15/2006 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Robert Spitaleri
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 136 kb
Pages: 4
12/6/2006 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 212 kb
Pages: 8
12/6/2006 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Norm Taylor
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 197 kb
Pages: 10
12/6/2006 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 184 kb
Pages: 8
3/20/2006 (minor revision)
Authors: Jim Herbek, Garry Lacefield, Chad Lee, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 332 kb
Pages: 8
1/20/2006 (reprinted)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 450 kb
Pages: 8
1/20/2006 (reprinted)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 177 kb
Pages: 6
1/7/2006 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 243 kb
Pages: 10
1/7/2006 (new)
Authors: Bob Coleman, Garry Lacefield, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 178 kb
Pages: 6
1/7/2006 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 206 kb
Pages: 4
1/5/2006 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Norm Taylor
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 206 kb
Pages: 10
1/5/2006 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 187 kb
Pages: 8
1/5/2006 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Norm Taylor, Eric Vanzant
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 130 kb
Pages: 4
1/1/2006 (minor revision)
Authors: Roy Burris, Jimmy Henning, John Johns, Garry Lacefield, Ray Smith
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Agronomy (AGR series)
Size: 187 kb
Pages: 4
12/30/2005 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 154 kb
Pages: 4
12/15/2005 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 176 kb
Pages: 6
12/1/2005 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 181 kb
Pages: 6
7/1/2005 (new)
Authors: Jimmy Henning, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Robert Spitaleri
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 106 kb
Pages: 4
2/20/2005 (new)
Authors: Bob Coleman, Garry Lacefield, Laurie Lawrence, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, David Powell, Ray Smith
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences, Veterinary Science
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 538 kb
Pages: 6
2/20/2005 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Norm Taylor, Eric Vanzant
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 275 kb
Pages: 4
2/20/2005 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 284 kb
Pages: 4
2/20/2005 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith, Eric Vanzant
Departments: Animal and Food Sciences, Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 555 kb
Pages: 14
2/1/2005 (new)
Authors: Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 183 kb
Pages: 4
2/1/2005 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 279 kb
Pages: 6
2/1/2005 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 329 kb
Pages: 6
1/30/2005 (new)
Authors: Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Paul Vincelli
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences, Plant Pathology
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 521 kb
Pages: 8
1/30/2005 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Tim Phillips, Ray Smith
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 277 kb
Pages: 6
1/30/2005 (new)
Authors: David Ditsch, Garry Lacefield, Gene Olson, Ray Smith, Norm Taylor
Departments: Plant and Soil Sciences
Series: Progress Report (PR series)
Size: 648 kb
Pages: 10
