College publications are given 2-part "pub numbers" that are used to identify them. The first part (the prefix) is a set of letters that indicates which series the document belongs to. A series is a grouping of documents that share similar content. The second part of the pub number is just a sequential number.
In descending order, by date published.
1/16/2024 (major revision)
Authors: Tom Barnes, Matthew Springer
Most people enjoy watching wildlife around the home, whether it is birds at a feeder, butterflies on flowers, or the occasional deer or turkey wandering through the yard. In some instances, wildlife come into contact with humans and are in the wrong place at the wrong time. For the gardening enthusiast, this encounter can create conflict.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.11 mb
Pages: 8
10/31/2023 (new)
Authors: John Cox, Ellen Crocker, Jacob Muller, Jeff Stringer, Billy Thomas
Several species of Asian bush honeysuckle in the genus Lonicera are invasive in North America. The most common invasive bush honeysuckle species in Kentucky is the Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) but other invasive honeysuckle species include L. morrowii, L. tatarica, L. x bella. These species, originally native to China, Korea and parts of Japan, were introduced to the U.S. as far back as the late 1800s and were promoted for conservation and wildlife uses in the 1960s and 1970s. Unfortunately, bush honeysuckles are still popular ornamental plants despite easily escaping into natural areas. The negative impact of dense stands of these species and the ease in which they can escape cultivation is a major concern across the region.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 4.07 mb
Pages: 6
10/31/2023 (new)
Authors: Ellen Crocker, Jonathan Larson
Fall webworms are native tent caterpillars that can be found throughout the United States and southern Canada. This species is distinguished by its "tent" constructed at the ends of tree branches, allowing caterpillars to feed gregariously on enclosed foliage. While these insects can cause heavy defoliation, especially during periodic outbreaks, fall webworms by themselves do not cause mortality in healthy trees and are typically not a serious concern meriting management. However, other tent-forming caterpillars may be confused with fall webworm (such as the eastern tent caterpillar) and learning to distinguish these species can be useful for understanding potential impacts.
Departments: Entomology, Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 3.26 mb
Pages: 4
10/31/2023 (new)
Authors: Jonathan Matthews, Matthew Springer, Gabriela Wolf-Gonzalez
River otters (Lontra canadensis) were once abundant throughout North America, but unregulated harvest, water pollution, and overall habitat degradation decimated river otter populations across the contiguous United States. By the early 1900s, river otters were scarce in Kentucky; however, due to restoration programs implemented by Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR), this species has rebounded in the state. River otters can now be found throughout Kentucky.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 3.50 mb
Pages: 7
6/26/2023 (new)
Authors: Andrew Ibach, Jena Nierman, Matthew Springer
Voles are a small rodent found in the family Cricetidae. Voles are most commonly known for burrowing systems they create. In Kentucky, there are four different species of voles: The Meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), Prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), Woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum), and the Southern Red-Backed vole (Myodes gapperi). Though each species is unique, they share common characteristics.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 7.50 mb
Pages: 5
5/19/2023 (new)
Authors: Megan Buland, Ellen Crocker, Brandon George
Kentucky is a great place to forage wild mushrooms. Its extensive forests are home to many different edible fungi including morels, chanterelles, lions' mane, chicken of the woods, oyster mushrooms, and more. While mushroom hunting is a great hobby, it is not without risks. Many mushrooms can cause illness if consumed and some are deadly poisonous, resulting in lasting illness or even death. Even those broadly considered edible should be approached cautiously as improper storage and cooking, drug interactions, and allergies can all result in adverse reactions.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources, Kenton County
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 3.07 mb
Pages: 3
2/2/2023 (revised)
Authors: Tom Barnes, Matthew Springer
Kentucky has three species of tree squirrels: eastern gray (Sciurus carolinensis), northern fox (Sciurus niger), and southern flying (Glaucomys volans). Gray and fox squirrels are game species, whereas flying squirrels are a non-game species. Because flying squirrels seldom cause problems for homeowners, they are not discussed in this publication.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 2.99 mb
Pages: 3
10/13/2021 (new)
Authors: Elizabeth Evers, Matthew Springer
Wild pigs are widely considered to be the most destructive invasive species in the United States. They cause large amounts of agricultural damage, compete with native wildlife for resources, alter wildlife habitat, and threaten biological diversity.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 2.63 mb
Pages: 5
1/10/2020 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
There is a strong correlation between wood density and mechanical properties, and this is true for both softwood and hardwood species. Density and strength properties can vary even within species due to different growth conditions.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 3.17 mb
Pages: 4
1/10/2020 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
As in softwoods, hardwood species identification is accomplished by looking at species-specific combinations of features. Almost all hardwood species (including all of those from North America) contain vessels which appear as holes (pores) on wood cross-sections; hardwood species without vessels are unlikely to be encountered in North America. Those species are more commonly found in the southern hemisphere and are rarely sold as commercial species.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 14.73 mb
Pages: 8
1/10/2020 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
Recognizing that an unidentified sample is a resinous or non-resinous softwood, with either an abrupt or a gradual transition is a good start towards identifying an unknown specimen. The problem is that this information is rarely enough! Other characteristics need to be combined with that data. Some of the things to look out for include characteristic odors, the diameter of the tracheids, and the presence of storage cells. Sometimes the context or original location of the material can be helpful.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 3.34 mb
Pages: 4
1/10/2020 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
Many softwoods look similar to the naked eye at first; the colors are often similar, maybe light-colored overlaid with tinges of yellow-brown or perhaps a slight pinkish cast. Even the weights of similarly-sized pieces (the densities) might seem similar. There are, however, differences in the wood structure that we can use to separate the various species. Two of the most important characteristics we look at are 1) the presence or absence of resin canals (as discussed previously) and 2) the appearance of the earlywood--latewood transition in annual growth rings.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 14.61 mb
Pages: 6
8/7/2019 (new)
Authors: Matthew Springer
Woodpeckers cause various types of damage to plants, trees, and even human structures. There are several species of woodpeckers present in Kentucky, and damage varies with species. One species of woodpecker that creates a rather unique type of damage is the yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varus), which overwinters in Kentucky and then migrates north in spring.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.01 mb
Pages: 2
8/7/2019 (new)
Authors: Jonathan Matthews, Matthew Springer
For the past 20 plus years, wildlife biologists have used game camera surveys to estimate population size and health in many wildlife species including white-tailed deer. Population estimates of wildlife populations have historically been conducted through capture-mark-recapture surveys, line-transect surveys, helicopter surveys, and other methods. These methods, while proven accurate, are often costly, time-consuming, and are not readily available to the average landowner. In the 1990s, researchers evaluated the reliability of camera surveys based on proven methods of population estimates. Studies indicated that camera surveys are a reliable method for accurate population estimates of white-tailed deer, and more recent studies have continued to support this method. The simple yet robust method has created a reliable, rather easily implementable tool to the public, allowing them to inventory their deer herds on the properties they own or lease.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 847 kb
Pages: 8
8/31/2018 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
Step-by-step procedures so you can keep your dry kiln operation well-organized and running properly.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 2.90 mb
Pages: 12
8/31/2018 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
Drying air-dried hardwood lumber to the finished moisture content (MC) requires care and attention, but it's not difficult. This document describes the steps a kiln operator should follow to get the best lumber from his/her air-dried material. It will probably be most useful for operators of small kilns, but the principles are the same regardless of kiln size or type of kiln.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 2.40 mb
Pages: 12
4/6/2017 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
Green lumber is used mostly for local uses such as fence boards, barn siding and so forth. Lumber that will be glued or finished has to be dried, however, and that includes just about all the higher-value wood products used indoors such as flooring, furniture, wall paneling, cutting boards and so forth. Dry lumber can be used for more types of products and has greater marketability. Dry lumber is also worth more than green lumber.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 11.03 mb
Pages: 114
11/11/2016 (new)
Authors: Matthew Springer
Vultures, as with all other wildlife, will take advantage of resources available to them, and unfortunately this behavior sometimes involves human dwellings or livestock operations. Fortunately, vultures respond well to relatively simple methods that discourage them from congregating or feeding in critical areas.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.93 mb
Pages: 4
3/4/2016 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
As of 2014, railroads were purchasing in the neighborhood of 25 million wooden ties each year, so the railroad tie industry can be a reliable market for loggers and sawmillers. Prices for green ties are viewed as good compared to lower-grade lumber, though actual market prices depend on immediate demand, competing lumber prices, distance from the seller to the treating plant, and tie quality and species. If you're a logger reading this article, you'll learn to make better decisions about how to select trees and logs for crossties and switch ties, and you'll be able to buck them so that they're worth more money overall.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 6.00 mb
Pages: 9
12/21/2015 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
Just making the separation between softwoods and hardwoods doesn't help much in identifying wood species; that would be sort of like identifying children by their hair color. Let's look at the next level of wood features that you need to be able to recognize.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 4.20 mb
Pages: 6
12/21/2015 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
Frequently you need to be able to observe wood cells from a particular perspective, and you will need to know where to look for different features on your sample. It's also very helpful to develop a kind of "visual vocabulary" that will let you match a term with a corresponding mental image, and the information in this chapter will start you on your way.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.50 mb
Pages: 3
12/21/2015 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
Softwood and hardwood trees are made up of different types of cells. With just a little magnification, it's easy to see that softwood growth rings look different from hardwood growth rings. Additionally, growth rings don't look the same for all of the trees, and the growth ring appearance is one of the things we will look at to identify wood.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 2.40 mb
Pages: 4
12/21/2015 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
Wood samples need to be identified for all sorts of reasons, and they come in all shapes, sizes and conditions. I've received samples that were sound, samples that were waterlogged, samples that were rotted or otherwise degraded, painted samples, furniture samples, even samples containing wood preservatives. Most of the samples I receive have a North American origin, but I also receive pieces from art museums and antique dealers that can originate from just about anywhere. This sometimes means that identifying the sample by a common name alone doesn't provide enough information.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.98 mb
Pages: 8
12/21/2015 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
Knowing how to identify unknown pieces of wood using a hand lens is the only skill you will need for most situations---and that's the purpose behind most of this manual. A section at the end about how to identify wood using a microscope is available should you want to develop your wood identification expertise.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.00 mb
Pages: 4
5/7/2013 (minor revision)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 150 kb
Pages: 8
3/15/2013 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
If you are interested in producing some of Kentucky's native medicinal plants, the first step is to gather as much information about them as possible. This publication includes useful information including a list of helpful books, contacts, and organizations.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 2.70 mb
Pages: 8
3/12/2013 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
This series of publications emphasizes growing shiitake mushrooms on natural hardwood logs. The denser hardwoods (oaks, hickories, chestnut) seem to produce better over the long run, and other hardwoods (maples, sweetgum) may begin to produce more quickly but will exhaust more quickly also.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 242 kb
Pages: 4
3/12/2013 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
The most common outlets for marketing your shiitake mushrooms are farmers markets, whole food and health food stores, restaurants and restaurant suppliers, supermarkets (especially locally owned rather than the national chains), produce buyers, and produce wholesalers.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 623 kb
Pages: 3
3/12/2013 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
How you handle your mushrooms depends on whether you plan to market them fresh or dried, retail or wholesale.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 740 kb
Pages: 3
3/12/2013 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Shiitake mushrooms do not have many pests. Many problems with insects and competitive fungi can be avoided by timely cutting and inoculating of shiitake logs, and by good hygiene and maintenance practices.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.62 mb
Pages: 3
3/12/2013 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Monitor your logs for shade, moisture, and pest and disease problems while they are incubating. If firewood- or teepee-stacked logs are losing too much moisture, you may need to rearrange the stacks. (The bottom logs will always retain more moisture). Lean-to stacked logs should be more even in their moisture content, but they too can be reversed if necessary.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.68 mb
Pages: 3
3/12/2013 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Shiitake mushrooms grow well on many species of hardwood tree. The Shii tree, native to Japan where these mushrooms originate, is in the same family as our oak trees, so all kinds of oaks are useful for shiitake production.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 477 kb
Pages: 4
4/7/2011 (new)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
One aspect of forest sustainability is regenerating the stand to desired species once the stand is harvested. Usually the species present in the overstory are more desirable than those in the understory and midstory. If management is not performed to adjust the regenerating species composition prior to the harvest, these understory and midstory species likely will be the composition of the future stand.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 557 kb
Pages: 12
4/7/2011 (new)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
For uneven-age stands to develop, both young and old trees need to be developing in the same stand, where younger trees are naturally smaller in diameter than older trees. Thus, guidelines and graphs used by foresters to help establish uneven-age stands use diameter as a surrogate for age and assume that age and diameter are related.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 796 kb
Pages: 16
3/23/2011 (minor revision)
Authors: Deborah Hill
If you started with live spawn from a reputable supplier and freshly cut logs from living hardwood trees, your logs should be ready to produce shiitake mushrooms after 6 to 18 months of incubation.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 800 kb
Pages: 8
3/23/2011 (minor revision)
Authors: Deborah Hill
To begin the process of shiitake mushroom production, you must "sow the seed" just as you would with any other agronomic crop. For shiitake, the "seed" is called spawn and consists of the mushroom spores mixed with sawdust (for sawdust spawn) or wood (for dowel spawn) and a little grain to add a higher level of carbohydrate for the organism to feed on.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 400 kb
Pages: 7
2/3/2011 (minor revision)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Shiitake spawn cannot survive in logs that have a moisture content of less than 23%. Ideal moisture conditions for shiitake growth are log moisture content of 35% or more. If logs are left in the open air and are not monitored for moisture content, and climatic conditions are dry, the moisture content of the logs can fall to 20% to 25%.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 170 kb
Pages: 5
2/3/2011 (minor revision)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Shiitake mushrooms are like any other plant crop--they must be started from "seed." For mushrooms, this process begins when the mushroom's spores (normally located in the cap on the underside between the gills) are mixed with nutrients and a cellulose source, usually hardwood sawdust.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 235 kb
Pages: 4
2/3/2011 (minor revision)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Shiitake mushrooms may prove to be a new commodity that will provide some economic return on small diameter wood from private woodlands that otherwise would be used only for firewood.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 447 kb
Pages: 6
6/17/2010 (minor revision)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 350 kb
Pages: 14
5/20/2010 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Woodland owners may find that they have many maple trees in their woodlots. If these trees are larger than 10 inches in diameter, and if there are 25 to 40 maple trees per acre, woodland owners might want to think about making maple syrup as a possibility for increased income from their woodlots.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 549 kb
Pages: 4
5/18/2010 (reprinted)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
All parties involved in woodland operations are responsible for water quality protection. One of the most effective methods of protecting water quality during forestry operations is to use BMPs. BMPs are guidelines and techniques that, when used properly, can help reduce impact to our waters. They do this by decreasing erosion and the creation of muddy water, keeping chemicals and fluids out of streams, and limiting changes in the woods next to streams.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 334 kb
Pages: 12
8/13/2009 (new)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
This publication presents recommendations for key factors associated with hardwood planting success. The publication also provides competition control and site preparation alternatives for a number of common planting sites and conditions. For each site and condition, several alternatives provide a range of options, allowing users to select the alternative that best fits their objectives and timetables.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.35 mb
Pages: 36
8/11/2009 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
People have harvested and processed forest plants for medicinal purposes since the beginning of recorded history. Ginseng is perhaps the one best known in Kentucky because it is easily the most commercially valuable. However, if you read health supplement labels in all the "big box" stores or other similar locations, you will find goldenseal, blue cohosh, black cohosh, bloodroot, wild ginger, slippery elm, witch-hazel, mayapple, and many other forest plant-derived substances. There are established markets for these plants, although not as obvious as corn, soybean, or cattle markets.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 338 kb
Pages: 2
8/11/2009 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Kentucky has always had a Christmas tree industry, although at a very small scale. The benefits of producing Christmas trees include guaranteed market every year, a short growing period relative to other tree crops, periodic intensive management (planting, shearing, marketing) but otherwise not much time required in management, and a good return on investment.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 789 kb
Pages: 2
8/11/2009 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Of all the techniques of agroforestry, forest farming is probably the one most useful to landowners in Kentucky. Most have some forestland, and many of those owners don't really "do" anything with that land, keeping it for wildlife habitat, recreation, or a possible timber sale if there is a sudden need for cash. However, with some professional help from a consultant forester or from the Kentucky Division of Forestry, forest landowners can implement something called timber stand improvement (TSI). Forest farming can be a part of that decision, if the landowner considers the options before starting the TSI operation.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 935 kb
Pages: 2
8/11/2009 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Windbreaks were first used extensively in the United States in the 1930s, after the Dust Bowl days made it clear that certain agricultural practices tended to facilitate the loss of topsoil by wind erosion. They are also a practical agroforestry technique in any location where there are significant prevailing winds. Windbreaks are used to manage snow, improve irrigation efficiency, screen views and reduce noise, protect farm crops and farm buildings, protect free-ranging livestock, provide wildlife habitat, and provide non-timber forest products (e.g., berries, woody florals).
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 491 kb
Pages: 2
8/11/2009 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
In the practice of silvopasture, you have three simultaneous crops: the tree crop, the forage crop, and the livestock crop. As with other agroforestry practices, if you plan to use biocides (pesticides, fungicides, insecticides) and/or chemical fertilizers, you must be sure that all of the component parts of the proposed system can tolerate the additives. Foresters have a long-standing attitude that cattle and trees do not mix (because of soil compaction and rubbing around and on the trees by the livestock), but in this case, you are intentionally putting them together, ideally for mutual benefit.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 377 kb
Pages: 2
8/11/2009 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Riparian buffer strips are zones of native trees, shrubs, and grasses designed to protect the temperature and clarity of moving water and to prevent agricultural chemicals and soil from eroding directly into stream water. The Kentucky Water Quality Act of 1994 encouraged farmers to protect their streams from soil erosion and compaction from livestock. Best management practices (BMPs) for people who are harvesting timber require streamside management zones (SMZs).
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.23 mb
Pages: 2
8/11/2009 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Alley cropping is probably the most commonly used technique of agroforestry. It simply involves planting single or double lines of trees and/or shrubs intercropped with a wide "alley" of either row crops or pasture grasses. The width of the alley is determined by the size of the harvesting equipment needed for the crop grown in the alley.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 551 kb
Pages: 2
8/11/2009 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Agroforestry is the practice of integrating long-term tree crops with annual agronomic crops and/or livestock. This type of integrated agriculture has been successfully practiced for thousands of years in many parts of the world, especially in the tropics. Temperate regions have been a bit slower to adopt agroforestry practices, but in the past decade or so, there has been increasing interest in using agroforestry techniques in temperate countries around the world.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 771 kb
Pages: 2
2/23/2009 (reprinted)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 400 kb
Pages: 10
1/6/2009 (new)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Crop tree release (CTR) is a widely applicable silvicultural technique used to enhance the performance of individual trees. It offers flexibility in that it can be applied on small or large properties, and with certain modifications, it can be applied as a precommercial or commercial operation. By favoring the development of selected crop trees within a hardwood stand, the landowner can meet a variety of area-wide management objectives such as wildlife habitat, recreation, timber value, aesthetic beauty and species diversity. CTR can be applied at various stages of development, including sapling, pole and sawtimber stands, depending on the specific opportunities to improve stand conditions. In some cases, it may be advisable to apply CTR more than once during the rotation. As forest managers gain experience with CTR, many come to realize that it is a versatile silvicultural technique that can be effective in many situations.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 2.21 mb
Pages: 24
3/14/2008 (new)
Authors: Terry Conners
Several types of structural wooden members are used in railroad track and related structures, but this article focuses on crossties--which are used to hold track in place at a de?ned gauge, or distance between rails--and their production and grading. This article describes what a good piece of wood looks like and how to recognize crossties with problems before they are placed in track. Understanding what tie inspectors look for will help tie producers make better ties and achieve a lower rate of tie rejection.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.26 mb
Pages: 20
7/10/2007 (minor revision)
Authors: Deborah Hill, Marcella Szymanski
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 169 kb
Pages: 4
12/18/2006 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 280 kb
Pages: 4
12/14/2006 (minor revision)
Authors: Tom Barnes, Terry Conners, Deborah Hill, Jeff Stringer, Billy Thomas
Departments: Family and Consumer Sciences, Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 250 kb
Pages: 2
7/1/2006 (new)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 994 kb
Pages: 12
7/1/2006 (new)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.00 mb
Pages: 12
7/1/2006 (new)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 770 kb
Pages: 8
7/1/2006 (new)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 856 kb
Pages: 8
7/1/2006 (new)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 695 kb
Pages: 8
7/1/2006 (new)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 558 kb
Pages: 6
3/21/2004 (reprinted)
Authors: Deborah Hill, Marcella Szymanski, Tim Woods
Departments: Agricultural Economics, Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 242 kb
Pages: 12
1/30/2004 (minor revision)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 217 kb
Pages: 6
9/15/2003 (reprinted)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 321 kb
Pages: 20
6/15/2003 (reprinted)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 437 kb
Pages: 8
6/15/2003 (reprinted)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 197 kb
Pages: 4
12/7/2002 (reprinted)
Authors: Tom Barnes
The purpose of this publication is to provide information about native Kentucky wildflowers and their conservation in the wild. If you choose to develop a garden to attract wildlife or a garden based on native plant materials, the information and ideas contained in this publication will allow you to make a more informed choice about plant material.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 456 kb
Pages: 8
3/15/2002 (minor revision)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 3 kb
Pages:
6/30/2001 (minor revision)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 208 kb
Pages: 4
9/30/2000 (new)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 424 kb
Pages: 8
9/1/2000 (reprinted)
Authors: Marcella Szymanski
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 1.22 mb
Pages: 20
8/25/2000 (reprinted)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 140 kb
Pages: 12
4/1/2000 (reprinted)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 2.11 mb
Pages: 28
2/1/2000 (reprinted)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 25 kb
Pages:
2/1/2000 (reprinted)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 360 kb
Pages: 4
5/30/1999 (minor revision)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 261 kb
Pages: 4
5/1/1999 (minor revision)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Colonial settlers called the eastern bluebird the harbinger of spring or "blue robin" because of its chestnut orange breast and iridescent blue back and tail. One of Kentucky's common resident passerine birds, this strikingly elegant bird is admired most for its beauty, gentle disposition, family devotion, and delightful call. It is also easily attracted to homeand farm surroundings when nesting structures are correctly constructed and well placed.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 153 kb
Pages: 4
5/1/1999 (minor revision)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 255 kb
Pages: 4
5/1/1999 (minor revision)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 376 kb
Pages: 4
4/15/1999 (new)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 174 kb
Pages: 8
4/1/1999 (new)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 283 kb
Pages: 8
2/28/1999 (new)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 330 kb
Pages: 12
12/15/1998 (new)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 111 kb
Pages: 6
11/30/1997 (reprinted)
Authors: Jim Reeb
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 122 kb
Pages: 8
9/15/1997 (reprinted)
Authors: Don Graves
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 91 kb
Pages:
2/15/1997 (reprinted)
Authors: Don Graves
Paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa), or kiri, was introduced into the US during the 1800s. It quickly became naturalized over much of the eastern states. Except for its ornamental qualities, it was generally ignored or considered a weed tree. However, since Japanese buyers have begun to buy US grown logs, Paulownia is now considered a premier timber species. Prices paid for Paulownia logs often exceed those paid for black walnut, recognized as "The King" of the hardwoods. This publication contains specific information for the paulownia grower on site selection, seed collection and storage, planting stock development and early plantation care. A recent publication from the University of Kentucky, Department of Forestry, "Paulownia Plantation Management: A Guide to Density Control and Financial Alternatives" gives specific information on spacing and growth characteristics necessary for the production of high quality logs.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 28 kb
Pages:
7/31/1996 (reprinted)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 24 kb
Pages:
7/1/1996 (reprinted)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 747 kb
Pages: 7
6/11/1996 (reprinted)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 997 kb
Pages: 28
7/1/1995 (reprinted)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 11 kb
Pages:
6/9/1995 (reprinted)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 19 kb
Pages:
3/1/1995 (reprinted)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 14 kb
Pages:
2/28/1995 (reprinted)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 235 kb
Pages: 6
2/28/1995 (reprinted)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 21 kb
Pages:
11/30/1994 (reprinted)
Authors: Jim Reeb
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 143 kb
Pages: 4
11/30/1994 (reprinted)
Authors: Jim Reeb
Those who work with wood should have a basic understanding of wood anatomy so they will be familiar with how different anatomical features influence wood properties and, in turn, how these properties react to different treatments and uses of the wood. This publication introduces the reader to wood characteristics that are common to both hardwoods and softwoods.
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 175 kb
Pages: 4
11/15/1994 (new)
Authors: Jim Reeb
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 172 kb
Pages: 2
10/1/1994 (reprinted)
Authors: Jim Reeb
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 534 kb
Pages: 8
5/15/1994 (reprinted)
Authors: Jeff Stringer
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 143 kb
Pages: 2
1/15/1994 (reprinted)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 25 kb
Pages:
5/1/1993 (reprinted)
Authors: Jim Reeb
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 213 kb
Pages: 8
2/16/1993 (reprinted)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 12 kb
Pages:
10/1/1992 (new)
Authors: Bonnie Appleton, Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 248 kb
Pages: 7
10/1/1991 (new)
Authors: Tom Barnes
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 16 kb
Pages:
9/27/1991 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 5 kb
Pages:
9/27/1991 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 7 kb
Pages:
9/27/1991 (new)
Authors: Bonnie Appleton, Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 4 kb
Pages:
9/27/1991 (reprinted)
Authors: Bonnie Appleton, Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 5 kb
Pages:
8/1/1991 (minor revision)
Authors: Bonnie Appleton, Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 5 kb
Pages:
5/9/1991 (reprinted)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 11 kb
Pages:
4/15/1991 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 14 kb
Pages:
12/15/1990 (reprinted)
Authors: Bonnie Appleton
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 6 kb
Pages:
12/1/1990 (reprinted)
Authors: Bonnie Appleton
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 10 kb
Pages:
11/19/1990 (new)
Authors: Bonnie Appleton, Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 6 kb
Pages:
11/19/1990 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 11 kb
Pages:
9/1/1990 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 8 kb
Pages:
12/10/1988 (reprinted)
Authors: Deborah Hill, Forrest Stegelin
Departments: Agricultural Economics, Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 60 kb
Pages:
9/20/1985 (new)
Authors: Deborah Hill
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 12 kb
Pages:
2/1/1984 (new)
Authors: Doug McLaren
Departments: Forestry and Natural Resources
Series: Forestry and Natural Resources (FOR series)
Size: 4 kb
Pages:
